Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada
The present study was performed in the Elliot Lake area (Ontario, Canada), a site of uranium mining and milling for nearly 40 years between 1950’s and 1990’s. Although mining activities ceased in the mid-1990’s, the site hosts several tailings management areas (TMAs) which are under ongoing rehabili...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022031516 |
| _version_ | 1797961003969806336 |
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| author | J. Anderson F. Caron P. Beckett G.A. Spiers N. Lévesque G.M. Charbonneau B. Halvorson H. Dufour A. Lock |
| author_facet | J. Anderson F. Caron P. Beckett G.A. Spiers N. Lévesque G.M. Charbonneau B. Halvorson H. Dufour A. Lock |
| author_sort | J. Anderson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study was performed in the Elliot Lake area (Ontario, Canada), a site of uranium mining and milling for nearly 40 years between 1950’s and 1990’s. Although mining activities ceased in the mid-1990’s, the site hosts several tailings management areas (TMAs) which are under ongoing rehabilitation and monitoring. Several surveys using lichens as a biomonitoring tool were completed in the 1980s and the 1990s to assess the levels of contaminants. The present survey aimed to re-visit the historical surveys, and to determine the current status of environmental recovery of the area. Our survey consisted of sampling two lichen species, Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis, in an area covering up to 50 km from the former mining operation and the TMAs. The results reported in this work indicated that the levels of metals and radionuclides, diagnostic of mining operations, have decreased over time: particularly, the U, Th and Pb levels in both lichen species dropped by about two orders of magnitude by the 2020's compared to the 1980’s. Likewise, the Cs-137 levels in both lichen species reflect present day global background. The study provides a new set of present-day regional baseline elemental concentrations for other metals that are associated with mining (Cd, As, Ti, Cs). Finally, there were weak but statistically significant differences in the levels of some elements (U, Th, Cd) between the two lichens, suggesting these two species might have different capture mechanisms or retention abilities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:52:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c44c2482c9b148a7955fd39f2ec2838e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:52:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-c44c2482c9b148a7955fd39f2ec2838e2023-01-05T08:37:11ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-12-01812e11863Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, CanadaJ. Anderson0F. Caron1P. Beckett2G.A. Spiers3N. Lévesque4G.M. Charbonneau5B. Halvorson6H. Dufour7A. Lock8Testmark Laboratories Ltd, 7 Margaret St. Garson, ON P3L 1E1 Canada; Harquail School of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, 13 General Crerar Cr Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4 Canada; Corresponding author.Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 CanadaVale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 CanadaSchool of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd. Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 CanadaTestmark Laboratories Ltd, 7 Margaret St. Garson, ON P3L 1E1 CanadaTestmark Laboratories Ltd, 7 Margaret St. Garson, ON P3L 1E1 CanadaHarquail School of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 CanadaSchool of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd. Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 CanadaThe present study was performed in the Elliot Lake area (Ontario, Canada), a site of uranium mining and milling for nearly 40 years between 1950’s and 1990’s. Although mining activities ceased in the mid-1990’s, the site hosts several tailings management areas (TMAs) which are under ongoing rehabilitation and monitoring. Several surveys using lichens as a biomonitoring tool were completed in the 1980s and the 1990s to assess the levels of contaminants. The present survey aimed to re-visit the historical surveys, and to determine the current status of environmental recovery of the area. Our survey consisted of sampling two lichen species, Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis, in an area covering up to 50 km from the former mining operation and the TMAs. The results reported in this work indicated that the levels of metals and radionuclides, diagnostic of mining operations, have decreased over time: particularly, the U, Th and Pb levels in both lichen species dropped by about two orders of magnitude by the 2020's compared to the 1980’s. Likewise, the Cs-137 levels in both lichen species reflect present day global background. The study provides a new set of present-day regional baseline elemental concentrations for other metals that are associated with mining (Cd, As, Ti, Cs). Finally, there were weak but statistically significant differences in the levels of some elements (U, Th, Cd) between the two lichens, suggesting these two species might have different capture mechanisms or retention abilities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022031516Natural radionuclidesArtificial radionuclidesTerricolous lichensEnvironmental recoveryHistorical miningMetal contamination |
| spellingShingle | J. Anderson F. Caron P. Beckett G.A. Spiers N. Lévesque G.M. Charbonneau B. Halvorson H. Dufour A. Lock Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada Heliyon Natural radionuclides Artificial radionuclides Terricolous lichens Environmental recovery Historical mining Metal contamination |
| title | Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada |
| title_full | Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada |
| title_fullStr | Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada |
| title_short | Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C. mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada |
| title_sort | distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens cladonia rangiferina and c mitis from the past uranium mining region of elliot lake ontario canada |
| topic | Natural radionuclides Artificial radionuclides Terricolous lichens Environmental recovery Historical mining Metal contamination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022031516 |
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