The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer
The exceptionally low temperature in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) restricts the amount of water vapor entering the stratosphere. However, moisture may also enter the stratosphere in its frozen state, and the amount thereof depends on hydrometeor sedimentation and air vertical velocity. We inv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0 |
| _version_ | 1797244442616266752 |
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| author | C A Kroll S Fueglistaler H Schmidt T Dauhut C Timmreck |
| author_facet | C A Kroll S Fueglistaler H Schmidt T Dauhut C Timmreck |
| author_sort | C A Kroll |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The exceptionally low temperature in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) restricts the amount of water vapor entering the stratosphere. However, moisture may also enter the stratosphere in its frozen state, and the amount thereof depends on hydrometeor sedimentation and air vertical velocity. We investigate the sensitivity of frozen hydrometeor transport pathways to substantial perturbations of the TTL temperature structure in global storm-resolving model simulations. A special focus is laid on the question which process—convection, slow upwelling within the background velocity field, in-cloud radiative processes, gravity waves or turbulence—is responsible for most of the transport. The study shows that the main contribution to the frozen hydrometeor flux is cold-point overshooting convection in both the control and perturbed scenario. The average convective event transports an increased amount of frozen hydrometeors at the cold-point tropopause, when the later is warmed. This finding can be explained by scaling of frozen moisture content with Clausius Clapeyron in a saturated environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:11:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c44cfc579aae4619803ae839feddb341 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1748-9326 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:11:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-c44cfc579aae4619803ae839feddb3412024-03-26T11:10:00ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262024-01-0119404403910.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layerC A Kroll0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-418XS Fueglistaler1H Schmidt2T Dauhut3C Timmreck4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-0426Max Planck Institute for Meteorology , Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich , Zurich, SwitzerlandProgram in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ, United States of AmericaMax Planck Institute for Meteorology , Hamburg, GermanyLAERO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3, IRD , Toulouse, FranceMax Planck Institute for Meteorology , Hamburg, GermanyThe exceptionally low temperature in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) restricts the amount of water vapor entering the stratosphere. However, moisture may also enter the stratosphere in its frozen state, and the amount thereof depends on hydrometeor sedimentation and air vertical velocity. We investigate the sensitivity of frozen hydrometeor transport pathways to substantial perturbations of the TTL temperature structure in global storm-resolving model simulations. A special focus is laid on the question which process—convection, slow upwelling within the background velocity field, in-cloud radiative processes, gravity waves or turbulence—is responsible for most of the transport. The study shows that the main contribution to the frozen hydrometeor flux is cold-point overshooting convection in both the control and perturbed scenario. The average convective event transports an increased amount of frozen hydrometeors at the cold-point tropopause, when the later is warmed. This finding can be explained by scaling of frozen moisture content with Clausius Clapeyron in a saturated environment.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0stratospheric moisture budgetdeep convectionheating perturbationtropical tropopause layervolcanogeoengineering |
| spellingShingle | C A Kroll S Fueglistaler H Schmidt T Dauhut C Timmreck The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer Environmental Research Letters stratospheric moisture budget deep convection heating perturbation tropical tropopause layer volcano geoengineering |
| title | The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer |
| title_full | The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer |
| title_fullStr | The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer |
| title_short | The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer |
| title_sort | impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer |
| topic | stratospheric moisture budget deep convection heating perturbation tropical tropopause layer volcano geoengineering |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0 |
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