Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments
Turfgrasses are considered an important part of the landscape and ecological system of golf courses, sports fields, parks, and home lawns. Turfgrass species are affected by many abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, waterlogging, and heavy metals) and biotic stresses (mainly disease...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/1/49 |
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| author | Dina Taher Emam Nofal Mahmoud Hegazi Mohamed Abd El-Gaied Hassan El-Ramady Svein Ø. Solberg |
| author_facet | Dina Taher Emam Nofal Mahmoud Hegazi Mohamed Abd El-Gaied Hassan El-Ramady Svein Ø. Solberg |
| author_sort | Dina Taher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Turfgrasses are considered an important part of the landscape and ecological system of golf courses, sports fields, parks, and home lawns. Turfgrass species are affected by many abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, waterlogging, and heavy metals) and biotic stresses (mainly diseases and pests). In the current study, seashore paspalum (<i>Paspalum vaginatum</i> Sw.) and Tifway bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon transvaalensis</i> Burtt Davy × C. Dactylon) were selected because they are popular turfgrasses frequently used for outdoor lawns and sport fields. The effect of the combined stress from both soil salinity and cold on these warm season grasses was investigated. Some selected organic and inorganic amendments (i.e., humic acid, ferrous sulphate, and silicon) were applied as foliar sprays five times during the winter season from late October to March. This was repeated over two years in field trials involving salt-affected soils. The physiological and chemical parameters of the plants, including plant height; fresh and dry weight per plot; total chlorophyll content; and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and potassium content, were measured. The results showed that all the studied amendments improved the growth of seashore paspalum and Tifway bermudagrass during this period compared to the control, with a greater improvement observed when using ferrous sulphate and humic acid compared to silicon. For seashore paspalum, the highest chlorophyll content in April was recorded after the application of ferrous sulphate at a level of 1000 ppm. The current research indicates that when grown on salt-affected soils, these amendments can be used in warm-season grasses to maintain turf quality during cold periods of the year. Further research is needed to examine any negative long-term effects of these amendments and to explain their mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:30:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c44e376ebfe74fc8a55c548d64585d6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:30:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-c44e376ebfe74fc8a55c548d64585d6b2023-11-30T22:30:11ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-01-01914910.3390/horticulturae9010049Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic AmendmentsDina Taher0Emam Nofal1Mahmoud Hegazi2Mohamed Abd El-Gaied3Hassan El-Ramady4Svein Ø. Solberg5Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptSakha Horticulture Research Station, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12619, EgyptSoil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, EgyptFaculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 400, 2418 Elverum, NorwayTurfgrasses are considered an important part of the landscape and ecological system of golf courses, sports fields, parks, and home lawns. Turfgrass species are affected by many abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, waterlogging, and heavy metals) and biotic stresses (mainly diseases and pests). In the current study, seashore paspalum (<i>Paspalum vaginatum</i> Sw.) and Tifway bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon transvaalensis</i> Burtt Davy × C. Dactylon) were selected because they are popular turfgrasses frequently used for outdoor lawns and sport fields. The effect of the combined stress from both soil salinity and cold on these warm season grasses was investigated. Some selected organic and inorganic amendments (i.e., humic acid, ferrous sulphate, and silicon) were applied as foliar sprays five times during the winter season from late October to March. This was repeated over two years in field trials involving salt-affected soils. The physiological and chemical parameters of the plants, including plant height; fresh and dry weight per plot; total chlorophyll content; and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and potassium content, were measured. The results showed that all the studied amendments improved the growth of seashore paspalum and Tifway bermudagrass during this period compared to the control, with a greater improvement observed when using ferrous sulphate and humic acid compared to silicon. For seashore paspalum, the highest chlorophyll content in April was recorded after the application of ferrous sulphate at a level of 1000 ppm. The current research indicates that when grown on salt-affected soils, these amendments can be used in warm-season grasses to maintain turf quality during cold periods of the year. Further research is needed to examine any negative long-term effects of these amendments and to explain their mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/1/49<i>Cynodon transvaalensis</i>diatomite<i>Paspalum vaginatum</i>seashore paspalumTifway bermudagrasssalt-affected soil |
| spellingShingle | Dina Taher Emam Nofal Mahmoud Hegazi Mohamed Abd El-Gaied Hassan El-Ramady Svein Ø. Solberg Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments Horticulturae <i>Cynodon transvaalensis</i> diatomite <i>Paspalum vaginatum</i> seashore paspalum Tifway bermudagrass salt-affected soil |
| title | Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments |
| title_full | Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments |
| title_fullStr | Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments |
| title_short | Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments |
| title_sort | response of warm season turf grasses to combined cold and salinity stress under foliar applying organic and inorganic amendments |
| topic | <i>Cynodon transvaalensis</i> diatomite <i>Paspalum vaginatum</i> seashore paspalum Tifway bermudagrass salt-affected soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/1/49 |
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