Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods
Advanced aircraft gearboxes operate under high mechanical loads. Currently, aircraft gears are manufactured from chromium–nickel–molybdenum steel grades such as AISI 9310 or Pyrowear 53. The major causes of gear failure are wear and fatigue cracking. As the crack initiation occurs predominantly on t...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5276 |
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| author | Kamil Dychtoń Andrzej Gradzik Łukasz Kolek Krzysztof Raga |
| author_facet | Kamil Dychtoń Andrzej Gradzik Łukasz Kolek Krzysztof Raga |
| author_sort | Kamil Dychtoń |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Advanced aircraft gearboxes operate under high mechanical loads. Currently, aircraft gears are manufactured from chromium–nickel–molybdenum steel grades such as AISI 9310 or Pyrowear 53. The major causes of gear failure are wear and fatigue cracking. As the crack initiation occurs predominantly on the component surface, the gears are routinely subjected to surface hardening processes such as low-pressure carburizing and case hardening. The gears are manufactured in a multiple operation process, in which teeth grinding is a crucial step. Selection of improper grinding conditions can lead to local heat concentration and creation of grinding burns, which are small areas where microstructure and properties changes are induced by high temperature generated during grinding. Their presence can lead to significant reduction of gear durability. Therefore destructive and non-destructive (NDT) quality-control methods such as chemical etching or magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements are applied to detect the grinding burns. In the area of a grinding burn, effects related to the over-tempering or re-hardening of the carburized case may occur. In this paper, the results of the studies on the characterization of microstructure changes caused by local heating performed to simulate grinding burns are presented. The areas with the over-tempering and re-hardening effects typical for grinding burns were formed by laser surface heating of carburized AISI 9310 steel. Analyses of the microstructure, residual stresses, retained austenite content, and non-destructive testing by the MBN method were performed. The correlation between the MBN value and the properties of the modified surface layer was identified. It was also found that the re-hardened areas had similar characteristics of changes in the Barkhausen noise intensity, despite the significant differences in the width of the overheated zone, which depended on the laser-heating process conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:29:19Z |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:29:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c451aaf67a034c4394e632e6cea4a1642023-11-22T14:01:34ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-09-011418527610.3390/ma14185276Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing MethodsKamil Dychtoń0Andrzej Gradzik1Łukasz Kolek2Krzysztof Raga3Department of Materials Science, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Materials Science, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandDepartment of Materials Science, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, PolandPratt & Whitney Rzeszow, Hetmanska 120, 35-078 Rzeszow, PolandAdvanced aircraft gearboxes operate under high mechanical loads. Currently, aircraft gears are manufactured from chromium–nickel–molybdenum steel grades such as AISI 9310 or Pyrowear 53. The major causes of gear failure are wear and fatigue cracking. As the crack initiation occurs predominantly on the component surface, the gears are routinely subjected to surface hardening processes such as low-pressure carburizing and case hardening. The gears are manufactured in a multiple operation process, in which teeth grinding is a crucial step. Selection of improper grinding conditions can lead to local heat concentration and creation of grinding burns, which are small areas where microstructure and properties changes are induced by high temperature generated during grinding. Their presence can lead to significant reduction of gear durability. Therefore destructive and non-destructive (NDT) quality-control methods such as chemical etching or magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) measurements are applied to detect the grinding burns. In the area of a grinding burn, effects related to the over-tempering or re-hardening of the carburized case may occur. In this paper, the results of the studies on the characterization of microstructure changes caused by local heating performed to simulate grinding burns are presented. The areas with the over-tempering and re-hardening effects typical for grinding burns were formed by laser surface heating of carburized AISI 9310 steel. Analyses of the microstructure, residual stresses, retained austenite content, and non-destructive testing by the MBN method were performed. The correlation between the MBN value and the properties of the modified surface layer was identified. It was also found that the re-hardened areas had similar characteristics of changes in the Barkhausen noise intensity, despite the significant differences in the width of the overheated zone, which depended on the laser-heating process conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5276low-pressure carburizingcase hardeninggrinding burnhardnessgearsBarkhausen noise |
| spellingShingle | Kamil Dychtoń Andrzej Gradzik Łukasz Kolek Krzysztof Raga Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods Materials low-pressure carburizing case hardening grinding burn hardness gears Barkhausen noise |
| title | Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods |
| title_full | Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods |
| title_short | Evaluation of Thermal Damage Impact on Microstructure and Properties of Carburized AISI 9310 Gear Steel Grade by Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Methods |
| title_sort | evaluation of thermal damage impact on microstructure and properties of carburized aisi 9310 gear steel grade by destructive and non destructive testing methods |
| topic | low-pressure carburizing case hardening grinding burn hardness gears Barkhausen noise |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5276 |
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