Silicon Compounds in Sponges
A comparative study of the microscopic morphology and chemical characteristics of spicules of Hexactinellids (Hexactinellida) with different structural features of the skeletons, as well as the freshwater Baikal sponge belonging to the class of common sponges (Demospongia), was carried out. The trac...
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2021-07-01
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| author | Anatoliy L. Drozdov Lyudmila A. Zemnukhova Alexandr E. Panasenko Nataliya V. Polyakova Arseniy B. Slobodyuk Alexandr Yu. Ustinov Nina A. Didenko Sergey A. Tyurin |
| author_facet | Anatoliy L. Drozdov Lyudmila A. Zemnukhova Alexandr E. Panasenko Nataliya V. Polyakova Arseniy B. Slobodyuk Alexandr Yu. Ustinov Nina A. Didenko Sergey A. Tyurin |
| author_sort | Anatoliy L. Drozdov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A comparative study of the microscopic morphology and chemical characteristics of spicules of Hexactinellids (Hexactinellida) with different structural features of the skeletons, as well as the freshwater Baikal sponge belonging to the class of common sponges (Demospongia), was carried out. The trace element composition of sponge spicules was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The spicules of siliceous sponges contain many elements, arranged in decreasing order of concentration: <i>Si, Ca, Fe, Cl, K, Zn,</i> and others. It was shown that the surface layer of sea sponges contains mainly carbon (<i>C</i>), oxygen (<i>O</i>), and to a lesser extent nitrogen (<i>N</i>), silicon (<i>Si</i>), and sodium (<i>Na</i>). The spicules of the studied siliceous sponges can be divided into two groups according to the phase composition, namely one containing crystalline calcium compounds and one without them. Analysis of infrared absorption spectra allows us to conclude that the sponges <i>Euplectella aspergillum, E. suberia</i> and <i>Dactylocalyx</i> <i>sp</i>. contain silica partially bound to the organic matrix, while the silica skeleton of the sponges of the other group (<i>Schulzeviella gigas, Sericolophus sp., Asconema setubalense, Sarostegia oculata, Farrea sp.</i> and <i>Lubomirskia baicalensis sp</i>.) practically does not differ from the precipitated <i>SiO<sub>2</sub></i>. This comparative study of the chemical composition of the skeletons of marine Hexactinellids and common freshwater sponge allows us to conclude that there are no fundamental differences in the chemical composition of spicules, and all of them can be used as a starting material for creating new composite silicon–organic functional materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:17Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:46:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c452b10118f14b61a74f0438c45de5682023-11-22T03:12:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-07-011114658710.3390/app11146587Silicon Compounds in SpongesAnatoliy L. Drozdov0Lyudmila A. Zemnukhova1Alexandr E. Panasenko2Nataliya V. Polyakova3Arseniy B. Slobodyuk4Alexandr Yu. Ustinov5Nina A. Didenko6Sergey A. Tyurin7A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, St. 17, Palchevsky, 690041 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159, pr-t 100-let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159, pr-t 100-let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159, pr-t 100-let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159, pr-t 100-let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159, pr-t 100-let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, RussiaInstitute of Chemistry FEB RAS, 159, pr-t 100-let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, RussiaA.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, St. 17, Palchevsky, 690041 Vladivostok, RussiaA comparative study of the microscopic morphology and chemical characteristics of spicules of Hexactinellids (Hexactinellida) with different structural features of the skeletons, as well as the freshwater Baikal sponge belonging to the class of common sponges (Demospongia), was carried out. The trace element composition of sponge spicules was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The spicules of siliceous sponges contain many elements, arranged in decreasing order of concentration: <i>Si, Ca, Fe, Cl, K, Zn,</i> and others. It was shown that the surface layer of sea sponges contains mainly carbon (<i>C</i>), oxygen (<i>O</i>), and to a lesser extent nitrogen (<i>N</i>), silicon (<i>Si</i>), and sodium (<i>Na</i>). The spicules of the studied siliceous sponges can be divided into two groups according to the phase composition, namely one containing crystalline calcium compounds and one without them. Analysis of infrared absorption spectra allows us to conclude that the sponges <i>Euplectella aspergillum, E. suberia</i> and <i>Dactylocalyx</i> <i>sp</i>. contain silica partially bound to the organic matrix, while the silica skeleton of the sponges of the other group (<i>Schulzeviella gigas, Sericolophus sp., Asconema setubalense, Sarostegia oculata, Farrea sp.</i> and <i>Lubomirskia baicalensis sp</i>.) practically does not differ from the precipitated <i>SiO<sub>2</sub></i>. This comparative study of the chemical composition of the skeletons of marine Hexactinellids and common freshwater sponge allows us to conclude that there are no fundamental differences in the chemical composition of spicules, and all of them can be used as a starting material for creating new composite silicon–organic functional materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/14/6587glass spongesHexactinellidaDemospongiasilicon compoundsbiomimeticscomposite silicon–organic functional materials |
| spellingShingle | Anatoliy L. Drozdov Lyudmila A. Zemnukhova Alexandr E. Panasenko Nataliya V. Polyakova Arseniy B. Slobodyuk Alexandr Yu. Ustinov Nina A. Didenko Sergey A. Tyurin Silicon Compounds in Sponges Applied Sciences glass sponges Hexactinellida Demospongia silicon compounds biomimetics composite silicon–organic functional materials |
| title | Silicon Compounds in Sponges |
| title_full | Silicon Compounds in Sponges |
| title_fullStr | Silicon Compounds in Sponges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Silicon Compounds in Sponges |
| title_short | Silicon Compounds in Sponges |
| title_sort | silicon compounds in sponges |
| topic | glass sponges Hexactinellida Demospongia silicon compounds biomimetics composite silicon–organic functional materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/14/6587 |
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