Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle Incorporation
The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is an essential structural component of the virus, serving as the receptor-binding protein and principal neutralizing determinant. Env trimers are incorporated into developing particles at the plasma membrane of infected cells. Incorporation of HIV-1 Env into pa...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1729 |
| _version_ | 1827597963285757952 |
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| author | Boris Anokhin Paul Spearman |
| author_facet | Boris Anokhin Paul Spearman |
| author_sort | Boris Anokhin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is an essential structural component of the virus, serving as the receptor-binding protein and principal neutralizing determinant. Env trimers are incorporated into developing particles at the plasma membrane of infected cells. Incorporation of HIV-1 Env into particles in T cells and macrophages is regulated by the long Env cytoplasmic tail (CT) and the matrix region of Gag. The CT incorporates motifs that interact with cellular factors involved in endosomal trafficking. Env follows an unusual pathway to arrive at the site of particle assembly, first traversing the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane (PM), then undergoing endocytosis, followed by directed sorting to the site of particle assembly on the PM. Many aspects of Env trafficking remain to be defined, including the sequential events that occur following endocytosis, leading to productive recycling and particle incorporation. This review focuses on the host factors and pathways involved in Env trafficking, and discusses leading models of Env incorporation into particles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:42:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c453cefa5a7b4b89a04c98a901b55817 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:42:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-c453cefa5a7b4b89a04c98a901b558172023-12-03T14:39:19ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-08-01148172910.3390/v14081729Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle IncorporationBoris Anokhin0Paul Spearman1Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children′s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children′s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USAThe HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is an essential structural component of the virus, serving as the receptor-binding protein and principal neutralizing determinant. Env trimers are incorporated into developing particles at the plasma membrane of infected cells. Incorporation of HIV-1 Env into particles in T cells and macrophages is regulated by the long Env cytoplasmic tail (CT) and the matrix region of Gag. The CT incorporates motifs that interact with cellular factors involved in endosomal trafficking. Env follows an unusual pathway to arrive at the site of particle assembly, first traversing the secretory pathway to the plasma membrane (PM), then undergoing endocytosis, followed by directed sorting to the site of particle assembly on the PM. Many aspects of Env trafficking remain to be defined, including the sequential events that occur following endocytosis, leading to productive recycling and particle incorporation. This review focuses on the host factors and pathways involved in Env trafficking, and discusses leading models of Env incorporation into particles.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1729envelope glycoproteinGag proteinrecyclingendocytosisAP-2 complexAP-1 complex |
| spellingShingle | Boris Anokhin Paul Spearman Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle Incorporation Viruses envelope glycoprotein Gag protein recycling endocytosis AP-2 complex AP-1 complex |
| title | Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle Incorporation |
| title_full | Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle Incorporation |
| title_fullStr | Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle Incorporation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle Incorporation |
| title_short | Viral and Host Factors Regulating HIV-1 Envelope Protein Trafficking and Particle Incorporation |
| title_sort | viral and host factors regulating hiv 1 envelope protein trafficking and particle incorporation |
| topic | envelope glycoprotein Gag protein recycling endocytosis AP-2 complex AP-1 complex |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1729 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT borisanokhin viralandhostfactorsregulatinghiv1envelopeproteintraffickingandparticleincorporation AT paulspearman viralandhostfactorsregulatinghiv1envelopeproteintraffickingandparticleincorporation |