Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical Strain
The concentration of melatonin is elevated during the night when patients mainly wear removable orthodontic appliances. Next to periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts, macrophages react to mechanical strain with an increased expression of inflammatory mediators. Here, we investigated the i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/13397 |
| _version_ | 1797467944150630400 |
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| author | Eva Paddenberg Anne Forneck Matthias Widbiller Martyna Smeda Jonathan Jantsch Peter Proff Christian Kirschneck Agnes Schröder |
| author_facet | Eva Paddenberg Anne Forneck Matthias Widbiller Martyna Smeda Jonathan Jantsch Peter Proff Christian Kirschneck Agnes Schröder |
| author_sort | Eva Paddenberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The concentration of melatonin is elevated during the night when patients mainly wear removable orthodontic appliances. Next to periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts, macrophages react to mechanical strain with an increased expression of inflammatory mediators. Here, we investigated the impact of melatonin on RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to tensile or compressive strain occurring during orthodontic tooth movement in the periodontal ligament. Before exposure to mechanical strain for 4 h, macrophages were pre-incubated with different melatonin concentrations for 24 h, to determine the dependence of melatonin concentration. Afterwards, we performed experiments with and without mechanical strain, the most effective melatonin concentration (25 µM), and the melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) specific antagonist 4P-PDOT. The expression of inflammatory genes and proteins was investigated by RT-qPCR, ELISAs, and immunoblot. Both tensile and compressive strain increased the expression of the investigated inflammatory factors interleukin-1-beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2. This effect was inhibited by the addition of melatonin. Incubation with 4P-PDOT blocked this anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin. Melatonin had an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages exposed to mechanical strain, independent of the type of mechanical strain. As inhibition was possible with 4P-PDOT, the MT2 receptor might be involved in the regulation of the observed effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:59:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4543eaad3e94d9cbab0c985a8f6bddf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:59:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4543eaad3e94d9cbab0c985a8f6bddf2023-11-24T05:07:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-11-0123211339710.3390/ijms232113397Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical StrainEva Paddenberg0Anne Forneck1Matthias Widbiller2Martyna Smeda3Jonathan Jantsch4Peter Proff5Christian Kirschneck6Agnes Schröder7Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, GermanyThe concentration of melatonin is elevated during the night when patients mainly wear removable orthodontic appliances. Next to periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts, macrophages react to mechanical strain with an increased expression of inflammatory mediators. Here, we investigated the impact of melatonin on RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to tensile or compressive strain occurring during orthodontic tooth movement in the periodontal ligament. Before exposure to mechanical strain for 4 h, macrophages were pre-incubated with different melatonin concentrations for 24 h, to determine the dependence of melatonin concentration. Afterwards, we performed experiments with and without mechanical strain, the most effective melatonin concentration (25 µM), and the melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) specific antagonist 4P-PDOT. The expression of inflammatory genes and proteins was investigated by RT-qPCR, ELISAs, and immunoblot. Both tensile and compressive strain increased the expression of the investigated inflammatory factors interleukin-1-beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2. This effect was inhibited by the addition of melatonin. Incubation with 4P-PDOT blocked this anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin. Melatonin had an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages exposed to mechanical strain, independent of the type of mechanical strain. As inhibition was possible with 4P-PDOT, the MT2 receptor might be involved in the regulation of the observed effects.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/13397macrophagesinflammationmelatoninmechanical strain |
| spellingShingle | Eva Paddenberg Anne Forneck Matthias Widbiller Martyna Smeda Jonathan Jantsch Peter Proff Christian Kirschneck Agnes Schröder Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical Strain International Journal of Molecular Sciences macrophages inflammation melatonin mechanical strain |
| title | Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical Strain |
| title_full | Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical Strain |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical Strain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical Strain |
| title_short | Impact of Melatonin on RAW264.7 Macrophages during Mechanical Strain |
| title_sort | impact of melatonin on raw264 7 macrophages during mechanical strain |
| topic | macrophages inflammation melatonin mechanical strain |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/21/13397 |
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