Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based Biocomposites
Carbon fiber reinforced composites have exceptional potential to play a key role in the materials world of our future. However, their success undoubtedly depends on the extent they can contribute to advance a global sustainability objective. Utilizing polymers in these composites that can be potenti...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2019.00757/full |
| _version_ | 1817985947118075904 |
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| author | László Szabó Romain Milotskyi Tetsuo Fujie Takayuki Tsukegi Naoki Wada Kazuaki Ninomiya Kenji Takahashi |
| author_facet | László Szabó Romain Milotskyi Tetsuo Fujie Takayuki Tsukegi Naoki Wada Kazuaki Ninomiya Kenji Takahashi |
| author_sort | László Szabó |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon fiber reinforced composites have exceptional potential to play a key role in the materials world of our future. However, their success undoubtedly depends on the extent they can contribute to advance a global sustainability objective. Utilizing polymers in these composites that can be potentially derived from biomasses would be certainly vital for next-generation manufacturing practices. Nevertheless, deep understanding and tailoring fiber-matrix interactions are crucial issues in order to design carbon fiber reinforced sustainable resource-based biocomposites. In this study, cellulose derivatives (cellulose propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate) are utilized as model polymer matrices that can be potentially fabricated from biomasses, and the mechanical properties of the prepared short carbon fiber reinforced composites are engineered by means of a functional biobased lignin coating on the fiber surface. Furthermore, polyamide 6 based composites are also prepared, the monomer of this polymer could be obtained using C6 sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomasses in the future (through 5-hydroxymethylfurfural). Lignin was successfully immobilized on the carbon fiber surface via an industrially scalable benign epoxidation reaction. The surface modification had a beneficial impact on the mechanical properties of cellulose propionate and polyamide 6 composites. Furthermore, our results also revealed that cellulose-based matrices are highly sensitive to the presence of rigid fiber segments that restrict polymer chain movements and facilitate stress development. It follows that the physicochemical properties of the cellulosic matrices (molecular weight, crystallinity), associated with polymer chain mobility, might need to be carefully considered when designing these composites. At the same time, polyamide 6 showed excellent ability to accommodate short carbon fibers without leading to a largely brittle material, in this case, a maximum tensile strength of ~136 MPa was obtained at 20 wt% fiber loading. These results were further contrasted with that of a petroleum-based polypropylene matrix exhibiting inferior mechanical properties. Our study clearly indicates that carbon fiber reinforced polymers derived and designed using biomass-derived resources can be promising green materials for a sustainable future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:04:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c45502796f18498e9a891a2fc237bb08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2646 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:04:13Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-c45502796f18498e9a891a2fc237bb082022-12-22T02:23:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462019-11-01710.3389/fchem.2019.00757471140Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based BiocompositesLászló Szabó0Romain Milotskyi1Tetsuo Fujie2Takayuki Tsukegi3Naoki Wada4Kazuaki Ninomiya5Kenji Takahashi6Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, JapanInstitute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, JapanInstitute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, JapanInnovative Composite Center, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Hakusan, JapanInstitute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, JapanInstitute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, JapanInstitute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, JapanCarbon fiber reinforced composites have exceptional potential to play a key role in the materials world of our future. However, their success undoubtedly depends on the extent they can contribute to advance a global sustainability objective. Utilizing polymers in these composites that can be potentially derived from biomasses would be certainly vital for next-generation manufacturing practices. Nevertheless, deep understanding and tailoring fiber-matrix interactions are crucial issues in order to design carbon fiber reinforced sustainable resource-based biocomposites. In this study, cellulose derivatives (cellulose propionate and cellulose acetate butyrate) are utilized as model polymer matrices that can be potentially fabricated from biomasses, and the mechanical properties of the prepared short carbon fiber reinforced composites are engineered by means of a functional biobased lignin coating on the fiber surface. Furthermore, polyamide 6 based composites are also prepared, the monomer of this polymer could be obtained using C6 sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomasses in the future (through 5-hydroxymethylfurfural). Lignin was successfully immobilized on the carbon fiber surface via an industrially scalable benign epoxidation reaction. The surface modification had a beneficial impact on the mechanical properties of cellulose propionate and polyamide 6 composites. Furthermore, our results also revealed that cellulose-based matrices are highly sensitive to the presence of rigid fiber segments that restrict polymer chain movements and facilitate stress development. It follows that the physicochemical properties of the cellulosic matrices (molecular weight, crystallinity), associated with polymer chain mobility, might need to be carefully considered when designing these composites. At the same time, polyamide 6 showed excellent ability to accommodate short carbon fibers without leading to a largely brittle material, in this case, a maximum tensile strength of ~136 MPa was obtained at 20 wt% fiber loading. These results were further contrasted with that of a petroleum-based polypropylene matrix exhibiting inferior mechanical properties. Our study clearly indicates that carbon fiber reinforced polymers derived and designed using biomass-derived resources can be promising green materials for a sustainable future.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2019.00757/fullligninbiocompositecarbon fibersurface modificationdiscontinuous reinforcementcellulose |
| spellingShingle | László Szabó Romain Milotskyi Tetsuo Fujie Takayuki Tsukegi Naoki Wada Kazuaki Ninomiya Kenji Takahashi Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based Biocomposites Frontiers in Chemistry lignin biocomposite carbon fiber surface modification discontinuous reinforcement cellulose |
| title | Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based Biocomposites |
| title_full | Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based Biocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based Biocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based Biocomposites |
| title_short | Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers: Utilizing Lignin to Engineer Potentially Sustainable Resource-Based Biocomposites |
| title_sort | short carbon fiber reinforced polymers utilizing lignin to engineer potentially sustainable resource based biocomposites |
| topic | lignin biocomposite carbon fiber surface modification discontinuous reinforcement cellulose |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2019.00757/full |
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