The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelled
Marine fish larvae often experience high mortality unrelated to predation during early life stages, and farmed ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is no exception. Knowing when the adaptive immune system is developed and fully functional, and how nutrition may modulate these processes is therefore of im...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166785/full |
| _version_ | 1797836108322570240 |
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| author | Angela Etayo Angela Etayo Kai K. Lie Reidun M. Bjelland Ivar Hordvik Aina-Cathrine Øvergård Øystein Sæle |
| author_facet | Angela Etayo Angela Etayo Kai K. Lie Reidun M. Bjelland Ivar Hordvik Aina-Cathrine Øvergård Øystein Sæle |
| author_sort | Angela Etayo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine fish larvae often experience high mortality unrelated to predation during early life stages, and farmed ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is no exception. Knowing when the adaptive immune system is developed and fully functional, and how nutrition may modulate these processes is therefore of importance to establish effective prophylactic measures and will also extend the relatively limited knowledge on the immune system in lower vertebrates. The thymus anlage of ballan wrasse was found to be histologically visible for the first time at larval stage 3 (20–30 days post hatch, dph) and becomes lymphoid at stage 5 (50–60 dph) correlating with an increase of T-cell marker transcripts. At this stage, a clear zonation into a RAG1+ cortex and a RAG1- CD3ϵ+ medulla was distinguished, indicating that T-cell maturation processes in ballan wrasse are similar to other teleosts. The higher abundance of CD4-1+ compared to CD8β+ cells in the thymus together with the apparent lack of CD8β+ cells in gill, gut, and pharynx, where CD4-1+ cells were identified, indicates that helper T-cells have a more prominent role during larval development compared to cytotoxic T-cells. As ballan wrasse lacks a stomach but has an exceptionally high IgM expression in the hindgut, we hypothesize that helper T-cells are crucial for activation and recruitment of IgM+ B-cells and possibly other leukocytes to the gut during early development. Nutritional factors such as DHA/EPA, Zn and Se may lead to an earlier expression of certain T-cell markers as well as a larger size of the thymus, indicating an earlier onset of adaptive immunity. Including live feeds that supplies the larva with higher amounts of these nutrients can therefore be beneficial for ballan wrasse farming. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:04:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c467e71896f94d0db922051531f3ba0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:04:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c467e71896f94d0db922051531f3ba0e2023-05-01T04:24:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-05-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.11667851166785The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelledAngela Etayo0Angela Etayo1Kai K. Lie2Reidun M. Bjelland3Ivar Hordvik4Aina-Cathrine Øvergård5Øystein Sæle6Feed and Nutrition group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayFish Health Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayFeed and Nutrition group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayInstitute of Marine Research, Austevoll Research Station, Storebø, NorwayFish Health Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayFish Health Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayFeed and Nutrition group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayMarine fish larvae often experience high mortality unrelated to predation during early life stages, and farmed ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is no exception. Knowing when the adaptive immune system is developed and fully functional, and how nutrition may modulate these processes is therefore of importance to establish effective prophylactic measures and will also extend the relatively limited knowledge on the immune system in lower vertebrates. The thymus anlage of ballan wrasse was found to be histologically visible for the first time at larval stage 3 (20–30 days post hatch, dph) and becomes lymphoid at stage 5 (50–60 dph) correlating with an increase of T-cell marker transcripts. At this stage, a clear zonation into a RAG1+ cortex and a RAG1- CD3ϵ+ medulla was distinguished, indicating that T-cell maturation processes in ballan wrasse are similar to other teleosts. The higher abundance of CD4-1+ compared to CD8β+ cells in the thymus together with the apparent lack of CD8β+ cells in gill, gut, and pharynx, where CD4-1+ cells were identified, indicates that helper T-cells have a more prominent role during larval development compared to cytotoxic T-cells. As ballan wrasse lacks a stomach but has an exceptionally high IgM expression in the hindgut, we hypothesize that helper T-cells are crucial for activation and recruitment of IgM+ B-cells and possibly other leukocytes to the gut during early development. Nutritional factors such as DHA/EPA, Zn and Se may lead to an earlier expression of certain T-cell markers as well as a larger size of the thymus, indicating an earlier onset of adaptive immunity. Including live feeds that supplies the larva with higher amounts of these nutrients can therefore be beneficial for ballan wrasse farming.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166785/fulladaptive immunitylymphoidthymocyteslarval ontogenyearly nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Angela Etayo Angela Etayo Kai K. Lie Reidun M. Bjelland Ivar Hordvik Aina-Cathrine Øvergård Øystein Sæle The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelled Frontiers in Immunology adaptive immunity lymphoid thymocytes larval ontogeny early nutrition |
| title | The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelled |
| title_full | The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelled |
| title_fullStr | The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelled |
| title_full_unstemmed | The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelled |
| title_short | The thymus and T-cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is nutritionally modelled |
| title_sort | thymus and t cell ontogeny in ballan wrasse labrus bergylta is nutritionally modelled |
| topic | adaptive immunity lymphoid thymocytes larval ontogeny early nutrition |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166785/full |
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