α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present as many different subtypes in the nervous and immune systems, muscles and on the cells of other organs. In the immune system, inflammation is regulated via the vagus nerve through the activation of the non-neuronal α7 nAChR subtype, affecting the pr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6524 |
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| author | Irina Shelukhina Andrei Siniavin Igor Kasheverov Lucy Ojomoko Victor Tsetlin Yuri Utkin |
| author_facet | Irina Shelukhina Andrei Siniavin Igor Kasheverov Lucy Ojomoko Victor Tsetlin Yuri Utkin |
| author_sort | Irina Shelukhina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present as many different subtypes in the nervous and immune systems, muscles and on the cells of other organs. In the immune system, inflammation is regulated via the vagus nerve through the activation of the non-neuronal α7 nAChR subtype, affecting the production of cytokines. The analgesic properties of α7 nAChR-selective compounds are mostly based on the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain relief mediated by the inhibition of α9-containing nAChRs is not fully understood yet, but the role of immune factors in this process is becoming evident. To obtain appropriate drugs, a search of selective agonists, antagonists and modulators of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs is underway. The naturally occurring three-finger snake α-neurotoxins and mammalian Ly6/uPAR proteins, as well as neurotoxic peptides α-conotoxins, are not only sophisticated tools in research on nAChRs but are also considered as potential medicines. In particular, the inhibition of the α9-containing nAChRs by α-conotoxins may be a pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain. nAChRs are involved in the inflammation processes during AIDS and other viral infections; thus they can also be means used in drug design. In this review, we discuss the role of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs in the immune processes and in pain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:35:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4696d777b804e639c6caa1cc42fee7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:35:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4696d777b804e639c6caa1cc42fee7b2023-11-17T16:52:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01247652410.3390/ijms24076524α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in PainIrina Shelukhina0Andrei Siniavin1Igor Kasheverov2Lucy Ojomoko3Victor Tsetlin4Yuri Utkin5Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, RussiaNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present as many different subtypes in the nervous and immune systems, muscles and on the cells of other organs. In the immune system, inflammation is regulated via the vagus nerve through the activation of the non-neuronal α7 nAChR subtype, affecting the production of cytokines. The analgesic properties of α7 nAChR-selective compounds are mostly based on the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain relief mediated by the inhibition of α9-containing nAChRs is not fully understood yet, but the role of immune factors in this process is becoming evident. To obtain appropriate drugs, a search of selective agonists, antagonists and modulators of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs is underway. The naturally occurring three-finger snake α-neurotoxins and mammalian Ly6/uPAR proteins, as well as neurotoxic peptides α-conotoxins, are not only sophisticated tools in research on nAChRs but are also considered as potential medicines. In particular, the inhibition of the α9-containing nAChRs by α-conotoxins may be a pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain. nAChRs are involved in the inflammation processes during AIDS and other viral infections; thus they can also be means used in drug design. In this review, we discuss the role of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs in the immune processes and in pain.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6524anti-inflammatory pathwaychronic painα-conotoxinsLy6/uPAR proteinsLynx1nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| spellingShingle | Irina Shelukhina Andrei Siniavin Igor Kasheverov Lucy Ojomoko Victor Tsetlin Yuri Utkin α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain International Journal of Molecular Sciences anti-inflammatory pathway chronic pain α-conotoxins Ly6/uPAR proteins Lynx1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| title | α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain |
| title_full | α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain |
| title_fullStr | α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain |
| title_short | α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain |
| title_sort | α7 and α9 containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the functioning of immune system and in pain |
| topic | anti-inflammatory pathway chronic pain α-conotoxins Ly6/uPAR proteins Lynx1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/7/6524 |
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