Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040
The transition to clean electricity generation is a crucial focus for achieving the current objectives of economy decarbonization. The Balearic Archipelago faces significant environmental, economic, and social challenges in shifting from a predominantly fossil fuel-based economy to one based on rene...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Machines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/8/782 |
| _version_ | 1797584057464258560 |
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| author | Yago Rivera David Blanco Paula Bastida-Molina César Berna-Escriche |
| author_facet | Yago Rivera David Blanco Paula Bastida-Molina César Berna-Escriche |
| author_sort | Yago Rivera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transition to clean electricity generation is a crucial focus for achieving the current objectives of economy decarbonization. The Balearic Archipelago faces significant environmental, economic, and social challenges in shifting from a predominantly fossil fuel-based economy to one based on renewable sources. This study proposes implementing a renewable energy mix and decarbonizing the economy of the Balearic Islands by 2040. The proposed system involves an entirely renewable generation system with interconnections between the four Balearic islands and the Spanish mainland grid via a 650 MW submarine cable. This flexible electrical exchange can cover approximately 35% of the peak demand of 1900 MW. The scenario comprises a 6 GWp solar photovoltaic system, a wind system of under 1.2 GWp, and a 600 MW biomass system as generation sub-systems. A vanadium redox flow battery sub-system with a storage capacity of approximately 21 GWh and 2.5 GWp power is available to ensure system manageability. This system’s levelized electricity cost (LCOE) is around 13.75 cEUR/kWh. The design also incorporates hydrogen as an alternative for difficult-to-electrify uses, achieving effective decarbonization of all final energy uses. A production of slightly over 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> tH<sub>2</sub> per year is required, with 1.7 GW of electrolyzer power using excess electricity and water resources. The system enables a significant level of economy decarbonization, although it requires substantial investments in both generation sources and storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:47:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c46b158b4ffe4c149a94eb0666a2e9d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1702 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:47:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Machines |
| spelling | doaj.art-c46b158b4ffe4c149a94eb0666a2e9d42023-11-19T01:56:34ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022023-07-0111878210.3390/machines11080782Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040Yago Rivera0David Blanco1Paula Bastida-Molina2César Berna-Escriche3Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería Energética (IIE), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería Energética (IIE), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería Energética (IIE), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería Energética (IIE), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, SpainThe transition to clean electricity generation is a crucial focus for achieving the current objectives of economy decarbonization. The Balearic Archipelago faces significant environmental, economic, and social challenges in shifting from a predominantly fossil fuel-based economy to one based on renewable sources. This study proposes implementing a renewable energy mix and decarbonizing the economy of the Balearic Islands by 2040. The proposed system involves an entirely renewable generation system with interconnections between the four Balearic islands and the Spanish mainland grid via a 650 MW submarine cable. This flexible electrical exchange can cover approximately 35% of the peak demand of 1900 MW. The scenario comprises a 6 GWp solar photovoltaic system, a wind system of under 1.2 GWp, and a 600 MW biomass system as generation sub-systems. A vanadium redox flow battery sub-system with a storage capacity of approximately 21 GWh and 2.5 GWp power is available to ensure system manageability. This system’s levelized electricity cost (LCOE) is around 13.75 cEUR/kWh. The design also incorporates hydrogen as an alternative for difficult-to-electrify uses, achieving effective decarbonization of all final energy uses. A production of slightly over 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> tH<sub>2</sub> per year is required, with 1.7 GW of electrolyzer power using excess electricity and water resources. The system enables a significant level of economy decarbonization, although it requires substantial investments in both generation sources and storage.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/8/782renewable energywind generationsolar photovoltaic generationmega-batteriessub-grid interconnectionsmainland grid connection |
| spellingShingle | Yago Rivera David Blanco Paula Bastida-Molina César Berna-Escriche Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040 Machines renewable energy wind generation solar photovoltaic generation mega-batteries sub-grid interconnections mainland grid connection |
| title | Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040 |
| title_full | Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040 |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040 |
| title_short | Assessment of a Fully Renewable System for the Total Decarbonization of the Economy with Full Demand Coverage on Islands Connected to a Central Grid: The Balearic Case in 2040 |
| title_sort | assessment of a fully renewable system for the total decarbonization of the economy with full demand coverage on islands connected to a central grid the balearic case in 2040 |
| topic | renewable energy wind generation solar photovoltaic generation mega-batteries sub-grid interconnections mainland grid connection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/8/782 |
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