Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring
Soundscape ecology is a promising area that studies landscape patterns based on their acoustic composition. It focuses on the distribution of biotic and abiotic sounds at different frequencies of the landscape acoustic attribute and the relationship of said sounds with ecosystem health metrics and i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023074832 |
| _version_ | 1827780409009635328 |
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| author | D.A. Nieto-Mora Susana Rodríguez-Buritica Paula Rodríguez-Marín J.D. Martínez-Vargaz Claudia Isaza-Narváez |
| author_facet | D.A. Nieto-Mora Susana Rodríguez-Buritica Paula Rodríguez-Marín J.D. Martínez-Vargaz Claudia Isaza-Narváez |
| author_sort | D.A. Nieto-Mora |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soundscape ecology is a promising area that studies landscape patterns based on their acoustic composition. It focuses on the distribution of biotic and abiotic sounds at different frequencies of the landscape acoustic attribute and the relationship of said sounds with ecosystem health metrics and indicators (e.g., species richness, acoustic biodiversity, vectors of structural change, gradients of vegetation cover, landscape connectivity, and temporal and spatial characteristics). To conduct such studies, researchers analyze recordings from Acoustic Recording Units (ARUs). The increasing use of ARUs and their capacity to record hours of audio for months at a time have created a need for automatic processing methods to reduce time consumption, correlate variables implicit in the recordings, extract features, and characterize sound patterns related to landscape attributes. Consequently, traditional machine learning methods have been commonly used to process data on different characteristics of soundscapes, mainly the presence–absence of species. In addition, it has been employed for call segmentation, species identification, and sound source clustering. However, some authors highlight the importance of the new approaches that use unsupervised deep learning methods to improve the results and diversify the assessed attributes. In this paper, we present a systematic review of machine learning methods used in the field of ecoacoustics for data processing. It includes recent trends, such as semi-supervised and unsupervised deep learning methods. Moreover, it maintains the format found in the reviewed papers. First, we describe the ARUs employed in the papers analyzed, their configuration, and the study sites where the datasets were collected. Then, we provide an ecological justification that relates acoustic monitoring to landscape features. Subsequently, we explain the machine learning methods followed to assess various landscape attributes. The results show a trend towards label-free methods that can process the large volumes of data gathered in recent years. Finally, we discuss the need to adopt methods with a machine learning approach in other biological dimensions of landscapes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:04:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c46bb3bb90c249d0a0a2612a6e1daa34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:04:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-c46bb3bb90c249d0a0a2612a6e1daa342023-10-30T06:05:36ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-10-01910e20275Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoringD.A. Nieto-Mora0Susana Rodríguez-Buritica1Paula Rodríguez-Marín2J.D. Martínez-Vargaz3Claudia Isaza-Narváez4MIRP-Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano ITM, Cl. 54a N∘30-01, Medellín, Colombia; Corresponding author.Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt, Calle 28A N∘15-09, Bogotá, ColombiaMIRP-Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano ITM, Cl. 54a N∘30-01, Medellín, ColombiaUniversidad EAFIT, Cra 49, Cl. 7 Sur N∘50, Medellín, ColombiaSISTEMIC-Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Cl. 67 N∘53-108, Medellín, ColombiaSoundscape ecology is a promising area that studies landscape patterns based on their acoustic composition. It focuses on the distribution of biotic and abiotic sounds at different frequencies of the landscape acoustic attribute and the relationship of said sounds with ecosystem health metrics and indicators (e.g., species richness, acoustic biodiversity, vectors of structural change, gradients of vegetation cover, landscape connectivity, and temporal and spatial characteristics). To conduct such studies, researchers analyze recordings from Acoustic Recording Units (ARUs). The increasing use of ARUs and their capacity to record hours of audio for months at a time have created a need for automatic processing methods to reduce time consumption, correlate variables implicit in the recordings, extract features, and characterize sound patterns related to landscape attributes. Consequently, traditional machine learning methods have been commonly used to process data on different characteristics of soundscapes, mainly the presence–absence of species. In addition, it has been employed for call segmentation, species identification, and sound source clustering. However, some authors highlight the importance of the new approaches that use unsupervised deep learning methods to improve the results and diversify the assessed attributes. In this paper, we present a systematic review of machine learning methods used in the field of ecoacoustics for data processing. It includes recent trends, such as semi-supervised and unsupervised deep learning methods. Moreover, it maintains the format found in the reviewed papers. First, we describe the ARUs employed in the papers analyzed, their configuration, and the study sites where the datasets were collected. Then, we provide an ecological justification that relates acoustic monitoring to landscape features. Subsequently, we explain the machine learning methods followed to assess various landscape attributes. The results show a trend towards label-free methods that can process the large volumes of data gathered in recent years. Finally, we discuss the need to adopt methods with a machine learning approach in other biological dimensions of landscapes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023074832Deep learningEcoacousticsEcological monitoringMachine learningSoundscape ecology |
| spellingShingle | D.A. Nieto-Mora Susana Rodríguez-Buritica Paula Rodríguez-Marín J.D. Martínez-Vargaz Claudia Isaza-Narváez Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring Heliyon Deep learning Ecoacoustics Ecological monitoring Machine learning Soundscape ecology |
| title | Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring |
| title_full | Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring |
| title_short | Systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring |
| title_sort | systematic review of machine learning methods applied to ecoacoustics and soundscape monitoring |
| topic | Deep learning Ecoacoustics Ecological monitoring Machine learning Soundscape ecology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023074832 |
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