Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence
Abstract In South Africa, the population at risk of malaria is 10% (around six million inhabitants) and concern only three provinces of which Limpopo Province is the most affected, particularly in Vhembe District. As the elimination approaches, a finer scale analysis is needed to accelerate the resu...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38147-0 |
| _version_ | 1797784650241802240 |
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| author | Sokhna Dieng Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo Taneshka Kruger Megan Riddin Helene Trehard Serena Tumelero Marc-Karim Bendiane Christiaan de Jager Sean Patrick Riana Bornman Jean Gaudart |
| author_facet | Sokhna Dieng Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo Taneshka Kruger Megan Riddin Helene Trehard Serena Tumelero Marc-Karim Bendiane Christiaan de Jager Sean Patrick Riana Bornman Jean Gaudart |
| author_sort | Sokhna Dieng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In South Africa, the population at risk of malaria is 10% (around six million inhabitants) and concern only three provinces of which Limpopo Province is the most affected, particularly in Vhembe District. As the elimination approaches, a finer scale analysis is needed to accelerate the results. Therefore, in the process of refining local malaria control and elimination strategies, the aim of this study was to identify and describe malaria incidence patterns at the locality scale in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study area comprised 474 localities in Vhembe District for which smoothed malaria incidence curve were fitted with functional data method based on their weekly observed malaria incidence from July 2015 to June 2018. Then, hierarchical clustering algorithm was carried out considering different distances to classify the 474 smoothed malaria incidence curves. Thereafter, validity indices were used to determine the number of malaria incidence patterns. The cumulative malaria incidence of the study area was 4.1 cases/1000 person-years. Four distinct patterns of malaria incidence were identified: high, intermediate, low and very low with varying characteristics. Malaria incidence increased across transmission seasons and patterns. The localities in the two highest incidence patterns were mainly located around farms, and along the rivers. Some unusual malaria phenomena in Vhembe District were also highlighted as resurgence. Four distinct malaria incidence patterns were found in Vhembe District with varying characteristics. Findings show also unusual malaria phenomena in Vhembe District that hinder malaria elimination in South Africa. Assessing the factors associated with these unusual malaria phenome would be helpful on building innovative strategies that lead South Africa on malaria elimination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:42:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c47c55bf7c4e4b609edccf550dc3ea2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:42:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-c47c55bf7c4e4b609edccf550dc3ea2c2023-07-09T11:14:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-07-0113111010.1038/s41598-023-38147-0Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgenceSokhna Dieng0Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo1Taneshka Kruger2Megan Riddin3Helene Trehard4Serena Tumelero5Marc-Karim Bendiane6Christiaan de Jager7Sean Patrick8Riana Bornman9Jean Gaudart10Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, SESSTIMSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP ISMC), University of PretoriaSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP ISMC), University of PretoriaAix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, SESSTIMAix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, SESSTIMAix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, SESSTIMSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP ISMC), University of PretoriaSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP ISMC), University of PretoriaSchool of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH), University of Pretoria Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control (UP ISMC), University of PretoriaAix Marseille Univ, IRD, INSERM, ISSPAM, SESSTIM, APHM, Hop. La Timone, BioSTIC, Biostatistic & ICTAbstract In South Africa, the population at risk of malaria is 10% (around six million inhabitants) and concern only three provinces of which Limpopo Province is the most affected, particularly in Vhembe District. As the elimination approaches, a finer scale analysis is needed to accelerate the results. Therefore, in the process of refining local malaria control and elimination strategies, the aim of this study was to identify and describe malaria incidence patterns at the locality scale in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study area comprised 474 localities in Vhembe District for which smoothed malaria incidence curve were fitted with functional data method based on their weekly observed malaria incidence from July 2015 to June 2018. Then, hierarchical clustering algorithm was carried out considering different distances to classify the 474 smoothed malaria incidence curves. Thereafter, validity indices were used to determine the number of malaria incidence patterns. The cumulative malaria incidence of the study area was 4.1 cases/1000 person-years. Four distinct patterns of malaria incidence were identified: high, intermediate, low and very low with varying characteristics. Malaria incidence increased across transmission seasons and patterns. The localities in the two highest incidence patterns were mainly located around farms, and along the rivers. Some unusual malaria phenomena in Vhembe District were also highlighted as resurgence. Four distinct malaria incidence patterns were found in Vhembe District with varying characteristics. Findings show also unusual malaria phenomena in Vhembe District that hinder malaria elimination in South Africa. Assessing the factors associated with these unusual malaria phenome would be helpful on building innovative strategies that lead South Africa on malaria elimination.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38147-0 |
| spellingShingle | Sokhna Dieng Temitope Christina Adebayo-Ojo Taneshka Kruger Megan Riddin Helene Trehard Serena Tumelero Marc-Karim Bendiane Christiaan de Jager Sean Patrick Riana Bornman Jean Gaudart Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence Scientific Reports |
| title | Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence |
| title_full | Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence |
| title_fullStr | Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence |
| title_short | Geo-epidemiology of malaria incidence in the Vhembe District to guide targeted elimination strategies, South-Africa, 2015–2018: a local resurgence |
| title_sort | geo epidemiology of malaria incidence in the vhembe district to guide targeted elimination strategies south africa 2015 2018 a local resurgence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38147-0 |
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