A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As one of largest angiosperm families, orchids have long fascinated evolutionary biologists with their staggering diversity in floral design and display to promote outcrossing. Two of the most intriguing aspects of orchid pollination...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/67 |
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| author | Xiaohua Jin Dezhu Li Zongxin Ren Xiaoguo Xiang |
| author_facet | Xiaohua Jin Dezhu Li Zongxin Ren Xiaoguo Xiang |
| author_sort | Xiaohua Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As one of largest angiosperm families, orchids have long fascinated evolutionary biologists with their staggering diversity in floral design and display to promote outcrossing. Two of the most intriguing aspects of orchid pollination that promote cross-pollination are pollinarium reconfiguration (PR) and deceptive pollination. PR and generalized food deception employ virtually antagonistic methods of promoting cross-pollination: PR occurs through delayed pollination, involving the relatively long visitation periods that are typically observed for the pollinators of one flower or inflorescence; conversely, generalized food deception leads to reductions in the visitation periods of pollinators to one flower or inflorescence. Thus, it is logical to hypothesize that PR is unnecessary or PR happens soon in generalized food-deceptive orchids in the promotion of cross-pollination. Using <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it> as a model, the aim of this study was to understand the following: (1) the pollination and breeding system of <it>D. pulcherrima</it>; (2) the morphological interactions between orchids and their pollinators; and (3) whether PR is necessary in the promotion of cross-pollination in <it>D. pulcherrima</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our observations indicated that <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it> is pollinated almost exclusively by <it>Amegilla nigritar</it> (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and possesses pollinia that are deposited on the “occiputs” (cervical membranes) of these insects. All of evidences are indicated that <it>D. pulcherrima</it> is a generalized food-deceptive orchid. Our morphometric measurements of the flowers and pollinators show that the heights of the “occiputs” with un-oriented pollinaria were equal to the distances between stigmas and surfaces of the middle lobes, suggesting that pollinarium reconfiguration is not necessary in <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our observation and analyses supported the hypothesis that pollinarium reconfiguration is unnecessary in generalized food-deceptive orchids, such as <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it>, for the promotion of cross-pollination. This conclusion was indirectly supported by the abundance of deceptive orchids that do not exhibit pollinarium reconfiguration. There are two mechanisms (i.e. clone-growing characteristics and a long flowering season) that promote fruit sets in the epiphytic food-deceptive orchids in tropical regions.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:47:54Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T16:47:54Z |
| publishDate | 2012-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c47f939599834864bf3491a43f2a90222022-12-21T23:38:07ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292012-07-011216710.1186/1471-2229-12-67A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinariaXiaohua JinDezhu LiZongxin RenXiaoguo Xiang<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As one of largest angiosperm families, orchids have long fascinated evolutionary biologists with their staggering diversity in floral design and display to promote outcrossing. Two of the most intriguing aspects of orchid pollination that promote cross-pollination are pollinarium reconfiguration (PR) and deceptive pollination. PR and generalized food deception employ virtually antagonistic methods of promoting cross-pollination: PR occurs through delayed pollination, involving the relatively long visitation periods that are typically observed for the pollinators of one flower or inflorescence; conversely, generalized food deception leads to reductions in the visitation periods of pollinators to one flower or inflorescence. Thus, it is logical to hypothesize that PR is unnecessary or PR happens soon in generalized food-deceptive orchids in the promotion of cross-pollination. Using <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it> as a model, the aim of this study was to understand the following: (1) the pollination and breeding system of <it>D. pulcherrima</it>; (2) the morphological interactions between orchids and their pollinators; and (3) whether PR is necessary in the promotion of cross-pollination in <it>D. pulcherrima</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our observations indicated that <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it> is pollinated almost exclusively by <it>Amegilla nigritar</it> (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and possesses pollinia that are deposited on the “occiputs” (cervical membranes) of these insects. All of evidences are indicated that <it>D. pulcherrima</it> is a generalized food-deceptive orchid. Our morphometric measurements of the flowers and pollinators show that the heights of the “occiputs” with un-oriented pollinaria were equal to the distances between stigmas and surfaces of the middle lobes, suggesting that pollinarium reconfiguration is not necessary in <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our observation and analyses supported the hypothesis that pollinarium reconfiguration is unnecessary in generalized food-deceptive orchids, such as <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it>, for the promotion of cross-pollination. This conclusion was indirectly supported by the abundance of deceptive orchids that do not exhibit pollinarium reconfiguration. There are two mechanisms (i.e. clone-growing characteristics and a long flowering season) that promote fruit sets in the epiphytic food-deceptive orchids in tropical regions.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/67Aeridinae, <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it>floral deceptionOrchidaceaepollinarium reconfiguration |
| spellingShingle | Xiaohua Jin Dezhu Li Zongxin Ren Xiaoguo Xiang A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria BMC Plant Biology Aeridinae, <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it> floral deception Orchidaceae pollinarium reconfiguration |
| title | A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria |
| title_full | A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria |
| title_fullStr | A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria |
| title_full_unstemmed | A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria |
| title_short | A generalized deceptive pollination system of <it>Doritis pulcherrima </it>(Aeridinae: Orchidaceae) with non-reconfigured pollinaria |
| title_sort | generalized deceptive pollination system of it doritis pulcherrima it aeridinae orchidaceae with non reconfigured pollinaria |
| topic | Aeridinae, <it>Doritis pulcherrima</it> floral deception Orchidaceae pollinarium reconfiguration |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/12/67 |
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