Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review
Recent developments have revolutionized the study of biomolecules. Among them are molecular markers, amplification and sequencing of nucleic acids. The latter is classified into three generations. The first allows to sequence small DNA fragments. The second one increases throughput, reducing turnaro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1111 |
| _version_ | 1797524601193889792 |
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| author | Gabriel Dorado Sergio Gálvez Teresa E. Rosales Víctor F. Vásquez Pilar Hernández |
| author_facet | Gabriel Dorado Sergio Gálvez Teresa E. Rosales Víctor F. Vásquez Pilar Hernández |
| author_sort | Gabriel Dorado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent developments have revolutionized the study of biomolecules. Among them are molecular markers, amplification and sequencing of nucleic acids. The latter is classified into three generations. The first allows to sequence small DNA fragments. The second one increases throughput, reducing turnaround and pricing, and is therefore more convenient to sequence full genomes and transcriptomes. The third generation is currently pushing technology to its limits, being able to sequence single molecules, without previous amplification, which was previously impossible. Besides, this represents a new revolution, allowing researchers to directly sequence RNA without previous retrotranscription. These technologies are having a significant impact on different areas, such as medicine, agronomy, ecology and biotechnology. Additionally, the study of biomolecules is revealing interesting evolutionary information. That includes deciphering what makes us human, including phenomena like non-coding RNA expansion. All this is redefining the concept of gene and transcript. Basic analyses and applications are now facilitated with new genome editing tools, such as CRISPR. All these developments, in general, and nucleic-acid sequencing, in particular, are opening a new exciting era of biomolecule analyses and applications, including personalized medicine, and diagnosis and prevention of diseases for humans and other animals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c48a1099990a4521beea97d21b0acc5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c48a1099990a4521beea97d21b0acc5b2023-11-22T06:54:58ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-07-01118111110.3390/biom11081111Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – ReviewGabriel Dorado0Sergio Gálvez1Teresa E. Rosales2Víctor F. Vásquez3Pilar Hernández4Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, SpainDep. Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Boulevard Louis Pasteur 35, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainLaboratorio de Arqueobiología, Avda. Universitaria s/n, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 13011 Trujillo, PeruCentro de Investigaciones Arqueobiológicas y Paleoecológicas Andinas Arqueobios, Martínez de Companón 430-Bajo 100, Urbanización San Andres, 13088 Trujillo, PeruInstituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, SpainRecent developments have revolutionized the study of biomolecules. Among them are molecular markers, amplification and sequencing of nucleic acids. The latter is classified into three generations. The first allows to sequence small DNA fragments. The second one increases throughput, reducing turnaround and pricing, and is therefore more convenient to sequence full genomes and transcriptomes. The third generation is currently pushing technology to its limits, being able to sequence single molecules, without previous amplification, which was previously impossible. Besides, this represents a new revolution, allowing researchers to directly sequence RNA without previous retrotranscription. These technologies are having a significant impact on different areas, such as medicine, agronomy, ecology and biotechnology. Additionally, the study of biomolecules is revealing interesting evolutionary information. That includes deciphering what makes us human, including phenomena like non-coding RNA expansion. All this is redefining the concept of gene and transcript. Basic analyses and applications are now facilitated with new genome editing tools, such as CRISPR. All these developments, in general, and nucleic-acid sequencing, in particular, are opening a new exciting era of biomolecule analyses and applications, including personalized medicine, and diagnosis and prevention of diseases for humans and other animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1111first-generation sequencing (FGS)second-generation sequencing (SGS)third-generation sequencing (TGS)high-throughput sequencing (HTS)next-generation sequencing (NGS)structural genomics |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel Dorado Sergio Gálvez Teresa E. Rosales Víctor F. Vásquez Pilar Hernández Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review Biomolecules first-generation sequencing (FGS) second-generation sequencing (SGS) third-generation sequencing (TGS) high-throughput sequencing (HTS) next-generation sequencing (NGS) structural genomics |
| title | Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review |
| title_full | Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review |
| title_fullStr | Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review |
| title_short | Analyzing Modern Biomolecules: The Revolution of Nucleic-Acid Sequencing – Review |
| title_sort | analyzing modern biomolecules the revolution of nucleic acid sequencing review |
| topic | first-generation sequencing (FGS) second-generation sequencing (SGS) third-generation sequencing (TGS) high-throughput sequencing (HTS) next-generation sequencing (NGS) structural genomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1111 |
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