SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster
We present the discovery of the most distant, dynamically relaxed cool core cluster, SPT-CL J2215−3537 (SPT2215), and its central brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) at z = 1.16. Using new X-ray observations, we demonstrate that SPT2215 harbors a strong cool core with a central cooling time of 200 Myr (a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc6c2 |
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| author | Michael S. Calzadilla Lindsey E. Bleem Michael McDonald Michael D. Gladders Adam B. Mantz Steven W. Allen Matthew B. Bayliss Anna-Christina Eilers Benjamin Floyd Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo Gourav Khullar Keunho J. Kim Guillaume Mahler Keren Sharon Taweewat Somboonpanyakul Brian Stalder Antony A. Stark SPT collaboration |
| author_facet | Michael S. Calzadilla Lindsey E. Bleem Michael McDonald Michael D. Gladders Adam B. Mantz Steven W. Allen Matthew B. Bayliss Anna-Christina Eilers Benjamin Floyd Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo Gourav Khullar Keunho J. Kim Guillaume Mahler Keren Sharon Taweewat Somboonpanyakul Brian Stalder Antony A. Stark SPT collaboration |
| author_sort | Michael S. Calzadilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present the discovery of the most distant, dynamically relaxed cool core cluster, SPT-CL J2215−3537 (SPT2215), and its central brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) at z = 1.16. Using new X-ray observations, we demonstrate that SPT2215 harbors a strong cool core with a central cooling time of 200 Myr (at 10 kpc) and a maximal intracluster medium cooling rate of 1900 ± 400 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . This prodigious cooling may be responsible for fueling the extended, star-forming filaments observed in Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Based on new spectrophotometric data, we detect bright [O ii ] emission in the BCG, implying an unobscured star formation rate (SFR) of ${320}_{-140}^{+230}$ M _⊙ yr ^−1 . The detection of a weak radio source (2.0 ± 0.8 mJy at 0.8 GHz) suggests ongoing feedback from an active galactic nucleus (AGN), though the implied jet power is less than half the cooling luminosity of the hot gas, consistent with cooling overpowering heating. The extreme cooling and SFR of SPT2215 are rare among known cool core clusters, and it is even more remarkable that we observe these at such high redshift, when most clusters are still dynamically disturbed. The high mass of this cluster, coupled with the fact that it is dynamically relaxed with a highly isolated BCG, suggests that it is an exceptionally rare system that must have formed very rapidly in the early universe. Combined with the high SFR, SPT2215 may be a high- z analog of the Phoenix cluster, potentially providing insight into the limits of AGN feedback and star formation in the most massive galaxies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:36:23Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c49367a4031c4dfba711fda16d7a1f04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:36:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c49367a4031c4dfba711fda16d7a1f042023-09-03T09:56:00ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0194724410.3847/1538-4357/acc6c2SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy ClusterMichael S. Calzadilla0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-2105Lindsey E. Bleem1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-5079Michael McDonald2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-8349Michael D. Gladders3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-5010Adam B. Mantz4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-1217Steven W. Allen5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-5941Matthew B. Bayliss6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-4807Anna-Christina Eilers7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2895-6218Benjamin Floyd8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-571XJulie Hlavacek-Larrondo9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-7340Gourav Khullar10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-7648Keunho J. Kim11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6505-0293Guillaume Mahler12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-2001Keren Sharon13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-0864Taweewat Somboonpanyakul14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-3631Brian Stalder15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0973-4900Antony A. Stark16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2718-9996SPT collaborationKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge , MA 02139, USA ; msc92@mit.eduHigh Energy Physics Division , Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge , MA 02139, USA ; msc92@mit.eduKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USAKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USADepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USAKavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge , MA 02139, USA ; msc92@mit.eduFaculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri–Kansas City , 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USADépartement de Physique, Université de Montréal , Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy and PITT PACC, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USACentre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USACenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAWe present the discovery of the most distant, dynamically relaxed cool core cluster, SPT-CL J2215−3537 (SPT2215), and its central brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) at z = 1.16. Using new X-ray observations, we demonstrate that SPT2215 harbors a strong cool core with a central cooling time of 200 Myr (at 10 kpc) and a maximal intracluster medium cooling rate of 1900 ± 400 M _⊙ yr ^−1 . This prodigious cooling may be responsible for fueling the extended, star-forming filaments observed in Hubble Space Telescope imaging. Based on new spectrophotometric data, we detect bright [O ii ] emission in the BCG, implying an unobscured star formation rate (SFR) of ${320}_{-140}^{+230}$ M _⊙ yr ^−1 . The detection of a weak radio source (2.0 ± 0.8 mJy at 0.8 GHz) suggests ongoing feedback from an active galactic nucleus (AGN), though the implied jet power is less than half the cooling luminosity of the hot gas, consistent with cooling overpowering heating. The extreme cooling and SFR of SPT2215 are rare among known cool core clusters, and it is even more remarkable that we observe these at such high redshift, when most clusters are still dynamically disturbed. The high mass of this cluster, coupled with the fact that it is dynamically relaxed with a highly isolated BCG, suggests that it is an exceptionally rare system that must have formed very rapidly in the early universe. Combined with the high SFR, SPT2215 may be a high- z analog of the Phoenix cluster, potentially providing insight into the limits of AGN feedback and star formation in the most massive galaxies.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc6c2Galaxy clustersHigh-redshift galaxy clustersStarburst galaxiesStar formationIntracluster mediumCooling flows |
| spellingShingle | Michael S. Calzadilla Lindsey E. Bleem Michael McDonald Michael D. Gladders Adam B. Mantz Steven W. Allen Matthew B. Bayliss Anna-Christina Eilers Benjamin Floyd Julie Hlavacek-Larrondo Gourav Khullar Keunho J. Kim Guillaume Mahler Keren Sharon Taweewat Somboonpanyakul Brian Stalder Antony A. Stark SPT collaboration SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster The Astrophysical Journal Galaxy clusters High-redshift galaxy clusters Starburst galaxies Star formation Intracluster medium Cooling flows |
| title | SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster |
| title_full | SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster |
| title_fullStr | SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster |
| title_full_unstemmed | SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster |
| title_short | SPT-CL J2215−3537: A Massive Starburst at the Center of the Most Distant Relaxed Galaxy Cluster |
| title_sort | spt cl j2215 3537 a massive starburst at the center of the most distant relaxed galaxy cluster |
| topic | Galaxy clusters High-redshift galaxy clusters Starburst galaxies Star formation Intracluster medium Cooling flows |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc6c2 |
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