Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps
The physiology of the patient can be reflected by various data. Serious games, using an intelligent combination, could be based on this data to adjust to the specificities of the patient. Rehabilitation would therefore be personalized to the patient. This smart suit would use dry electrodes in order...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5195 |
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| author | Margaux Peixoto Marie-Valérie Moreno Nassim Khider |
| author_facet | Margaux Peixoto Marie-Valérie Moreno Nassim Khider |
| author_sort | Margaux Peixoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The physiology of the patient can be reflected by various data. Serious games, using an intelligent combination, could be based on this data to adjust to the specificities of the patient. Rehabilitation would therefore be personalized to the patient. This smart suit would use dry electrodes in order to be easily usable. Before performing dry electrode validation tests on a population, it is necessary to perform preliminary tests on a phantom. Agar-Agar (AA) gel, combined with NaCl and graphite which directly impact the resistivity and reactance values of the phantom, are generally used. Depending on the part of the body simulated by the phantom, it is necessary to adapt the concentrations of NaCl and graphite in order to obtain values of physiological reactance and resistance. The anisotropy of a muscle must also be considered. Different concentrations of NaCl and graphite have been tested in order to present charts linking the concentrations to the resistance and reactance values of the AA phantom. Electrical properties similar to those of human quadriceps are achieved at a concentration of 7 g/L of NaCl and 60 g/L of graphite. These values can be used as a conversion table to develop an AA phantom with electrical properties similar to different muscles. Furthermore, an AA phantom has an anisotropy of 0° and 90°. This anisotropy corresponds to a human quadriceps, where 0° is the direction of the muscle fiber. This will allow us to study and characterize the behavior of the electrodes on an anisotropic model. Thus it can be used as a first test phase for dry electrodes in order to propose the most suitable conditions for a connected garment application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:43:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4953a08296744e4a1c7f59ae336d6af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:43:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4953a08296744e4a1c7f59ae336d6af2023-12-03T13:19:03ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-07-012115519510.3390/s21155195Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human QuadricepsMargaux Peixoto0Marie-Valérie Moreno1Nassim Khider2Research Center, RunSys, 53 Avenue Carnot, 69250 Neuville-sur-Saône, FranceResearch Center, RunSys, 53 Avenue Carnot, 69250 Neuville-sur-Saône, FranceC-19, 19 Cours Blaise Pascal, 91000 Évry-Courcouronnes, FranceThe physiology of the patient can be reflected by various data. Serious games, using an intelligent combination, could be based on this data to adjust to the specificities of the patient. Rehabilitation would therefore be personalized to the patient. This smart suit would use dry electrodes in order to be easily usable. Before performing dry electrode validation tests on a population, it is necessary to perform preliminary tests on a phantom. Agar-Agar (AA) gel, combined with NaCl and graphite which directly impact the resistivity and reactance values of the phantom, are generally used. Depending on the part of the body simulated by the phantom, it is necessary to adapt the concentrations of NaCl and graphite in order to obtain values of physiological reactance and resistance. The anisotropy of a muscle must also be considered. Different concentrations of NaCl and graphite have been tested in order to present charts linking the concentrations to the resistance and reactance values of the AA phantom. Electrical properties similar to those of human quadriceps are achieved at a concentration of 7 g/L of NaCl and 60 g/L of graphite. These values can be used as a conversion table to develop an AA phantom with electrical properties similar to different muscles. Furthermore, an AA phantom has an anisotropy of 0° and 90°. This anisotropy corresponds to a human quadriceps, where 0° is the direction of the muscle fiber. This will allow us to study and characterize the behavior of the electrodes on an anisotropic model. Thus it can be used as a first test phase for dry electrodes in order to propose the most suitable conditions for a connected garment application.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5195phantombioimpedanceagar-agarNaClgraphitemuscle |
| spellingShingle | Margaux Peixoto Marie-Valérie Moreno Nassim Khider Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps Sensors phantom bioimpedance agar-agar NaCl graphite muscle |
| title | Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps |
| title_full | Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps |
| title_fullStr | Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps |
| title_short | Conception of a Phantom in Agar-Agar Gel with the Same Bio-Impedance Properties as Human Quadriceps |
| title_sort | conception of a phantom in agar agar gel with the same bio impedance properties as human quadriceps |
| topic | phantom bioimpedance agar-agar NaCl graphite muscle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5195 |
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