Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East Asia
Climate extremes, such as heatwaves and droughts, significantly impact terrestrial ecosystems. This study investigates the influence of compound hot–dry (CHD) events on vegetation productivity in northern East Asia. Four of the most widespread CHD events occurring during the summer from 2003 to 2019...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/3/549 |
| _version_ | 1797240990470242304 |
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| author | Jing Kang Miao Yu Ye Xia Shanlei Sun Botao Zhou |
| author_facet | Jing Kang Miao Yu Ye Xia Shanlei Sun Botao Zhou |
| author_sort | Jing Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate extremes, such as heatwaves and droughts, significantly impact terrestrial ecosystems. This study investigates the influence of compound hot–dry (CHD) events on vegetation productivity in northern East Asia. Four of the most widespread CHD events occurring during the summer from 2003 to 2019 were selected as the focus of this research. We first verified the performance of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) in the region and then conducted factor-controlled experiments using CLM5 to assess the effects of different climate factors on gross primary productivity (GPP) changes during CHD events. Our results show that vegetation productivity exhibits greater sensitivity to CHD events within the transitional climatic zone (TCZ) than in other affected areas. In grassland areas within the TCZ, precipitation deficit is the primary factor leading to the decrease in GPP (explaining 56%–90% of GPP anomalies), while high temperatures serve as a secondary detrimental factor (explaining 13%–32% of GPP anomalies). In high-latitude forests outside the TCZ, high temperature has a more significant impact on suppressing GPP, while the decrease in soil moisture has a synchronously negligible impact on GPP. There are differences in the effects of high solar radiation on grasslands and woodlands during CHD events. It was observed that high radiation benefits trees by increasing the maximum carboxylation rate (V<sub>cmax</sub>) and maximum electron transport rate (J<sub>max</sub>), as well as enhancing photosynthesis, but has a negligible impact on grasses. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential for compound events to impact vegetation productivity more than expected from individual events due to confounding nonlinear effects between meteorological factors. More than 10% of the negative anomalies in GPP during two CHD events in 2017 and 2010 were attributed to these nonlinear effects. These research findings are significant for understanding ecosystem responses to climate extremes and their influence on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. They can also contribute to more precisely evaluating and predicting carbon dynamics in these regions. |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:16:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4a08db3f7734a9d83c5fc35fd9a6c192024-03-27T13:41:54ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072024-03-0115354910.3390/f15030549Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East AsiaJing Kang0Miao Yu1Ye Xia2Shanlei Sun3Botao Zhou4Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, ChinaKey Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, ChinaClimate extremes, such as heatwaves and droughts, significantly impact terrestrial ecosystems. This study investigates the influence of compound hot–dry (CHD) events on vegetation productivity in northern East Asia. Four of the most widespread CHD events occurring during the summer from 2003 to 2019 were selected as the focus of this research. We first verified the performance of the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) in the region and then conducted factor-controlled experiments using CLM5 to assess the effects of different climate factors on gross primary productivity (GPP) changes during CHD events. Our results show that vegetation productivity exhibits greater sensitivity to CHD events within the transitional climatic zone (TCZ) than in other affected areas. In grassland areas within the TCZ, precipitation deficit is the primary factor leading to the decrease in GPP (explaining 56%–90% of GPP anomalies), while high temperatures serve as a secondary detrimental factor (explaining 13%–32% of GPP anomalies). In high-latitude forests outside the TCZ, high temperature has a more significant impact on suppressing GPP, while the decrease in soil moisture has a synchronously negligible impact on GPP. There are differences in the effects of high solar radiation on grasslands and woodlands during CHD events. It was observed that high radiation benefits trees by increasing the maximum carboxylation rate (V<sub>cmax</sub>) and maximum electron transport rate (J<sub>max</sub>), as well as enhancing photosynthesis, but has a negligible impact on grasses. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential for compound events to impact vegetation productivity more than expected from individual events due to confounding nonlinear effects between meteorological factors. More than 10% of the negative anomalies in GPP during two CHD events in 2017 and 2010 were attributed to these nonlinear effects. These research findings are significant for understanding ecosystem responses to climate extremes and their influence on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. They can also contribute to more precisely evaluating and predicting carbon dynamics in these regions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/3/549compound hot–dry eventsgross primary productivityvegetationnorthern East Asia |
| spellingShingle | Jing Kang Miao Yu Ye Xia Shanlei Sun Botao Zhou Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East Asia Forests compound hot–dry events gross primary productivity vegetation northern East Asia |
| title | Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East Asia |
| title_full | Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East Asia |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East Asia |
| title_short | Impacts of Compound Hot–Dry Events on Vegetation Productivity over Northern East Asia |
| title_sort | impacts of compound hot dry events on vegetation productivity over northern east asia |
| topic | compound hot–dry events gross primary productivity vegetation northern East Asia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/15/3/549 |
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