Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control Study
<b>Introduction:</b> Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a well-known factor associated with invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. However, its association with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has not been described. We aimed to examine the possible link be...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/2/161 |
| _version_ | 1797478926394589184 |
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| author | Jorge Calderón-Parra Victor Moreno-Torres Patricia Mills-Sanchez Sandra Tejado-Bravo Isabel Romero-Sánchez Bárbara Balandin-Moreno Marina Calvo-Salvador Francisca Portero-Azorín Sarela García-Masedo Elena Muñez-Rubio Antonio Ramos-Martinez Ana Fernández-Cruz |
| author_facet | Jorge Calderón-Parra Victor Moreno-Torres Patricia Mills-Sanchez Sandra Tejado-Bravo Isabel Romero-Sánchez Bárbara Balandin-Moreno Marina Calvo-Salvador Francisca Portero-Azorín Sarela García-Masedo Elena Muñez-Rubio Antonio Ramos-Martinez Ana Fernández-Cruz |
| author_sort | Jorge Calderón-Parra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Introduction:</b> Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a well-known factor associated with invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. However, its association with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has not been described. We aimed to examine the possible link between CMV replication and CAPA occurrence. <b>Methods:</b> A single-center, retrospective case–control study was conducted. A case was defined as a patient diagnosed with CAPA according to 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria. Two controls were selected for each case among critically ill COVID-19 patients. <b>Results:</b> In total, 24 CAPA cases were included, comprising 14 possible CAPA and 10 probable CAPA. Additionally, 48 matched controls were selected. CMV replication was detected more frequently in CAPA than in controls (75.0% vs. 35.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Probable CMV end-organ disease was more prevalent in CAPA (20.8% vs. 4.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.037). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, CMV replication persisted strongly associated with CAPA (OR 8.28 95% CI 1.90–36.13, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Among 11 CAPA cases with CMV PCR available prior to CAPA, in 9 (81.8%) cases, CMV replication was observed prior to CAPA diagnosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Among critically ill COVID-19 patients, CMV replication was associated with CAPA and could potentially be considered a harbinger of CAPA. Further studies are needed to confirm this association. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:38:34Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:38:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c4ac8c96c24445bd8c0e25bf4471a01c2023-11-23T20:37:46ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-02-018216110.3390/jof8020161Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control StudyJorge Calderón-Parra0Victor Moreno-Torres1Patricia Mills-Sanchez2Sandra Tejado-Bravo3Isabel Romero-Sánchez4Bárbara Balandin-Moreno5Marina Calvo-Salvador6Francisca Portero-Azorín7Sarela García-Masedo8Elena Muñez-Rubio9Antonio Ramos-Martinez10Ana Fernández-Cruz11Infectious Diseases Unit, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainInfectious Diseases Unit, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainInfectious Diseases Unit, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainIntensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainMicrobiology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainIntensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainPharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainPharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainPharmacy Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainInfectious Diseases Unit, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainInfectious Diseases Unit, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, SpainInfectious Diseases Unit, Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain<b>Introduction:</b> Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a well-known factor associated with invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts. However, its association with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has not been described. We aimed to examine the possible link between CMV replication and CAPA occurrence. <b>Methods:</b> A single-center, retrospective case–control study was conducted. A case was defined as a patient diagnosed with CAPA according to 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria. Two controls were selected for each case among critically ill COVID-19 patients. <b>Results:</b> In total, 24 CAPA cases were included, comprising 14 possible CAPA and 10 probable CAPA. Additionally, 48 matched controls were selected. CMV replication was detected more frequently in CAPA than in controls (75.0% vs. 35.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Probable CMV end-organ disease was more prevalent in CAPA (20.8% vs. 4.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.037). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, CMV replication persisted strongly associated with CAPA (OR 8.28 95% CI 1.90–36.13, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Among 11 CAPA cases with CMV PCR available prior to CAPA, in 9 (81.8%) cases, CMV replication was observed prior to CAPA diagnosis. <b>Conclusions:</b> Among critically ill COVID-19 patients, CMV replication was associated with CAPA and could potentially be considered a harbinger of CAPA. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/2/161COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosisCAPAprevalencerisk factorscytomegalovirus infection |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Calderón-Parra Victor Moreno-Torres Patricia Mills-Sanchez Sandra Tejado-Bravo Isabel Romero-Sánchez Bárbara Balandin-Moreno Marina Calvo-Salvador Francisca Portero-Azorín Sarela García-Masedo Elena Muñez-Rubio Antonio Ramos-Martinez Ana Fernández-Cruz Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control Study Journal of Fungi COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis CAPA prevalence risk factors cytomegalovirus infection |
| title | Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control Study |
| title_full | Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control Study |
| title_fullStr | Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control Study |
| title_short | Association of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis with Cytomegalovirus Replication: A Case–Control Study |
| title_sort | association of covid 19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis with cytomegalovirus replication a case control study |
| topic | COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis CAPA prevalence risk factors cytomegalovirus infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/2/161 |
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