Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T Cells
Of the most prevalent issues surrounding long-term spaceflight, the sustainability of human life and the maintenance of homeostasis in an extreme environment are of utmost concern. It has been observed that the human immune system is dysregulated in space as a result of gravitational unloading at th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/10/1043 |
| _version_ | 1797514130744147968 |
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| author | Sarit Dhar Dilpreet Kaur Kaeley Mohamad Jalal Kanan Eda Yildirim-Ayan |
| author_facet | Sarit Dhar Dilpreet Kaur Kaeley Mohamad Jalal Kanan Eda Yildirim-Ayan |
| author_sort | Sarit Dhar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Of the most prevalent issues surrounding long-term spaceflight, the sustainability of human life and the maintenance of homeostasis in an extreme environment are of utmost concern. It has been observed that the human immune system is dysregulated in space as a result of gravitational unloading at the cellular level, leading to potential complications in astronaut health. A plethora of studies demonstrate intracellular changes that occur due to microgravity; however, these ultimately fall short of identifying the underlying mechanisms and dysfunctions that cause such changes. This comprehensive review covers the changes in human adaptive immunity due to microgravity. Specifically, there is a focus on uncovering the gravisensitive steps in T cell signaling pathways. Changes in gravitational force may lead to interrupted immune signaling cascades at specific junctions, particularly membrane and surface receptor-proximal molecules. Holistically studying the interplay of signaling with morphological changes in cytoskeleton and other cell components may yield answers to what in the T cell specifically experiences the consequences of microgravity. Fully understanding the nature of this problem is essential in order to develop proper countermeasures before long-term space flight is conducted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:27:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4acd8320f8149f88d35d3d1a4c7e077 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:27:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4acd8320f8149f88d35d3d1a4c7e0772023-11-22T18:52:38ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-10-011110104310.3390/life11101043Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T CellsSarit Dhar0Dilpreet Kaur Kaeley1Mohamad Jalal Kanan2Eda Yildirim-Ayan3Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USADepartment of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USAOf the most prevalent issues surrounding long-term spaceflight, the sustainability of human life and the maintenance of homeostasis in an extreme environment are of utmost concern. It has been observed that the human immune system is dysregulated in space as a result of gravitational unloading at the cellular level, leading to potential complications in astronaut health. A plethora of studies demonstrate intracellular changes that occur due to microgravity; however, these ultimately fall short of identifying the underlying mechanisms and dysfunctions that cause such changes. This comprehensive review covers the changes in human adaptive immunity due to microgravity. Specifically, there is a focus on uncovering the gravisensitive steps in T cell signaling pathways. Changes in gravitational force may lead to interrupted immune signaling cascades at specific junctions, particularly membrane and surface receptor-proximal molecules. Holistically studying the interplay of signaling with morphological changes in cytoskeleton and other cell components may yield answers to what in the T cell specifically experiences the consequences of microgravity. Fully understanding the nature of this problem is essential in order to develop proper countermeasures before long-term space flight is conducted.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/10/1043microgravityT cellsaltered gravitycell signalingimmunityspace |
| spellingShingle | Sarit Dhar Dilpreet Kaur Kaeley Mohamad Jalal Kanan Eda Yildirim-Ayan Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T Cells Life microgravity T cells altered gravity cell signaling immunity space |
| title | Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T Cells |
| title_full | Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T Cells |
| title_fullStr | Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T Cells |
| title_short | Mechano-Immunomodulation in Space: Mechanisms Involving Microgravity-Induced Changes in T Cells |
| title_sort | mechano immunomodulation in space mechanisms involving microgravity induced changes in t cells |
| topic | microgravity T cells altered gravity cell signaling immunity space |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/10/1043 |
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