Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia
Abstract Background Quantitative measurement of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity is critical to decide on appropriate treatment and provision of radical cure regimens for vivax malaria. Biosensors are point-of-care semi-quantitative analysers that measure G6PD enzyme activity...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04300-9 |
| _version_ | 1828161114063503360 |
|---|---|
| author | Bipin Adhikari Rupam Tripura Lek Dysoley James J. Callery Thomas J. Peto Chhoeun Heng Thy Vanda Ou Simvieng Sarah Cassidy-Seyoum Benedikt Ley Kamala Thriemer Arjen M. Dondorp Lorenz von Seidlein |
| author_facet | Bipin Adhikari Rupam Tripura Lek Dysoley James J. Callery Thomas J. Peto Chhoeun Heng Thy Vanda Ou Simvieng Sarah Cassidy-Seyoum Benedikt Ley Kamala Thriemer Arjen M. Dondorp Lorenz von Seidlein |
| author_sort | Bipin Adhikari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Quantitative measurement of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity is critical to decide on appropriate treatment and provision of radical cure regimens for vivax malaria. Biosensors are point-of-care semi-quantitative analysers that measure G6PD enzyme activity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the operational aspects of biosensor deployment in the hands of village malaria workers (VMWs) in Cambodia over a year. Methods Following initial orientation and training at Kravanh Referral Hospital, each VMW (n = 28) and laboratory technician (n = 5) was provided a biosensor (STANDARD SD Biosensor, Republic of Korea) with supplies for routine use. Over the next 12 months VMWs convened every month for refresher training, to collect supplies, and to recalibrate and test their biosensors. A quantitative self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the skills necessary to use the biosensor after the initial training. Subsequently, VMWs were visited at their location of work for field observation and evaluation using an observer-administered questionnaire. All quantitative questionnaire-based data were analysed descriptively. Semi-structured interviews (SSIs) were conducted among all participants to explore their experience and practicalities of using the biosensor in the field. SSIs were transcribed and translated into English and underwent thematic analysis. Results A total of 33 participants completed the training and subsequently used the biosensor in the community. Quantitative assessments demonstrated progressive improvement in skills using the biosensor. VMWs expressed confidence and enthusiasm to use biosensors in their routine work. Providing G6PD testing at the point of first contact avoids a multitude of barriers patients have to overcome when travelling to health centres for G6PD testing and radical cure. Deploying biosensors in routine work of VMWs was also considered an opportunity to expand and strengthen the role of VMWs as health care providers in the community. VMWs reported practical concerns related to the use of biosensor such as difficulty in using two pipettes, difficulty in extracting the code chip from the machine, and the narrow base of buffer tube. Conclusions VMWs considered the biosensor a practical and beneficial tool in their routine work. Providing VMWs with biosensors can be considered when followed by appropriate training and regular supervision. Providing community management of vivax malaria at the point of first contact could be key for elimination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:33:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4c07f64f9f54c07839aad780879d22a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T00:33:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4c07f64f9f54c07839aad780879d22a2022-12-22T03:55:15ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752022-10-0121111510.1186/s12936-022-04300-9Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in CambodiaBipin Adhikari0Rupam Tripura1Lek Dysoley2James J. Callery3Thomas J. Peto4Chhoeun Heng5Thy Vanda6Ou Simvieng7Sarah Cassidy-Seyoum8Benedikt Ley9Kamala Thriemer10Arjen M. Dondorp11Lorenz von Seidlein12Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityC.N.M National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria ControlMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin UniversityGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin UniversityGlobal and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin UniversityMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityMahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityAbstract Background Quantitative measurement of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity is critical to decide on appropriate treatment and provision of radical cure regimens for vivax malaria. Biosensors are point-of-care semi-quantitative analysers that measure G6PD enzyme activity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the operational aspects of biosensor deployment in the hands of village malaria workers (VMWs) in Cambodia over a year. Methods Following initial orientation and training at Kravanh Referral Hospital, each VMW (n = 28) and laboratory technician (n = 5) was provided a biosensor (STANDARD SD Biosensor, Republic of Korea) with supplies for routine use. Over the next 12 months VMWs convened every month for refresher training, to collect supplies, and to recalibrate and test their biosensors. A quantitative self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the skills necessary to use the biosensor after the initial training. Subsequently, VMWs were visited at their location of work for field observation and evaluation using an observer-administered questionnaire. All quantitative questionnaire-based data were analysed descriptively. Semi-structured interviews (SSIs) were conducted among all participants to explore their experience and practicalities of using the biosensor in the field. SSIs were transcribed and translated into English and underwent thematic analysis. Results A total of 33 participants completed the training and subsequently used the biosensor in the community. Quantitative assessments demonstrated progressive improvement in skills using the biosensor. VMWs expressed confidence and enthusiasm to use biosensors in their routine work. Providing G6PD testing at the point of first contact avoids a multitude of barriers patients have to overcome when travelling to health centres for G6PD testing and radical cure. Deploying biosensors in routine work of VMWs was also considered an opportunity to expand and strengthen the role of VMWs as health care providers in the community. VMWs reported practical concerns related to the use of biosensor such as difficulty in using two pipettes, difficulty in extracting the code chip from the machine, and the narrow base of buffer tube. Conclusions VMWs considered the biosensor a practical and beneficial tool in their routine work. Providing VMWs with biosensors can be considered when followed by appropriate training and regular supervision. Providing community management of vivax malaria at the point of first contact could be key for elimination.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04300-9Village malaria workersCommunityVivax malariaG6PDQuantitativeRadical cure |
| spellingShingle | Bipin Adhikari Rupam Tripura Lek Dysoley James J. Callery Thomas J. Peto Chhoeun Heng Thy Vanda Ou Simvieng Sarah Cassidy-Seyoum Benedikt Ley Kamala Thriemer Arjen M. Dondorp Lorenz von Seidlein Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia Malaria Journal Village malaria workers Community Vivax malaria G6PD Quantitative Radical cure |
| title | Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia |
| title_full | Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia |
| title_fullStr | Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia |
| title_short | Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact: a mixed method study in Cambodia |
| title_sort | glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase g6pd quantitation using biosensors at the point of first contact a mixed method study in cambodia |
| topic | Village malaria workers Community Vivax malaria G6PD Quantitative Radical cure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04300-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bipinadhikari glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT rupamtripura glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT lekdysoley glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT jamesjcallery glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT thomasjpeto glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT chhoeunheng glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT thyvanda glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT ousimvieng glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT sarahcassidyseyoum glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT benediktley glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT kamalathriemer glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT arjenmdondorp glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia AT lorenzvonseidlein glucose6phosphatedehydrogenaseg6pdquantitationusingbiosensorsatthepointoffirstcontactamixedmethodstudyincambodia |