| Summary: | This paper discusses the rituals of childhood civic education,
in German and Slavic ethnic schools in Parana State. The time
frame is the first decades of the 20 th century, when educational
policies were guided by shaping a sense of belonging to the
nation. Research sources depict the process of maintaining the
ethnic identity and culture of origin, through festivals and
rituals, and by resisting nationalization. Until 1917,
celebrations of native-land civic dates were intense in ethnic
schools. The Brazilian State implemented several measures to
form a sense of belonging to the nation, such as celebrations,
civic parades and teaching patriotic songs, which the schools
were forced to celebrate.
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