Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time
<p>A large number of studies have shown that equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) occur mainly after sunset, and they usually drift eastward. However, in this paper, an unusual EPB event was simultaneously observed by an all-sky imager and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network in s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://www.ann-geophys.net/38/163/2020/angeo-38-163-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819049585729863680 |
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| author | K. Wu K. Wu J. Xu J. Xu X. Yue X. Yue C. Xiong W. Wang W. Yuan W. Yuan C. Wang C. Wang Y. Zhu Y. Zhu J. Luo J. Luo |
| author_facet | K. Wu K. Wu J. Xu J. Xu X. Yue X. Yue C. Xiong W. Wang W. Yuan W. Yuan C. Wang C. Wang Y. Zhu Y. Zhu J. Luo J. Luo |
| author_sort | K. Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>A large number of studies have shown that equatorial plasma
bubbles (EPBs) occur mainly after sunset, and they usually drift eastward.
However, in this paper, an unusual EPB event was simultaneously observed by
an all-sky imager and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network
in southern China, during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm that happened
on 6–8 November 2015. Observations from both techniques show that the EPBs
appeared near dawn. Interestingly, the observational results show that the
EPBs continued to develop after sunrise, and they disappeared about 1 h
after sunrise. The development stage of EPBs lasted for at least about 3 h. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the evolution of EPBs
developing around sunrise was observed by an all-sky imager and the GNSS
network. Our observation showed that the EPBs drifted westward, which was
different from the usual eastward drifts of post-sunset EPBs. The
simulation from the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) suggest that the westward drift of EPBs should
be related to the enhanced westward winds at storm time. Besides this,
bifurcation and merging processes of EPBs were observed by the all-sky
imager in the event. Associated with the development of EPBs, an increase in
the peak height of the ionospheric F region was also observed near sunrise, and we
suggest the enhanced upward vertical plasma drift during the geomagnetic storm
plays a major role in triggering the EPBs near sunrise.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:34:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4cedec1924045f28143047437885d2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T11:34:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4cedec1924045f28143047437885d2d2022-12-21T19:05:28ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05762020-02-013816317710.5194/angeo-38-163-2020Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm timeK. Wu0K. Wu1J. Xu2J. Xu3X. Yue4X. Yue5C. Xiong6W. Wang7W. Yuan8W. Yuan9C. Wang10C. Wang11Y. Zhu12Y. Zhu13J. Luo14J. Luo15State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaGFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, GermanyHigh Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USAState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, GermanyState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China<p>A large number of studies have shown that equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) occur mainly after sunset, and they usually drift eastward. However, in this paper, an unusual EPB event was simultaneously observed by an all-sky imager and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network in southern China, during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm that happened on 6–8 November 2015. Observations from both techniques show that the EPBs appeared near dawn. Interestingly, the observational results show that the EPBs continued to develop after sunrise, and they disappeared about 1 h after sunrise. The development stage of EPBs lasted for at least about 3 h. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the evolution of EPBs developing around sunrise was observed by an all-sky imager and the GNSS network. Our observation showed that the EPBs drifted westward, which was different from the usual eastward drifts of post-sunset EPBs. The simulation from the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) suggest that the westward drift of EPBs should be related to the enhanced westward winds at storm time. Besides this, bifurcation and merging processes of EPBs were observed by the all-sky imager in the event. Associated with the development of EPBs, an increase in the peak height of the ionospheric F region was also observed near sunrise, and we suggest the enhanced upward vertical plasma drift during the geomagnetic storm plays a major role in triggering the EPBs near sunrise.</p>https://www.ann-geophys.net/38/163/2020/angeo-38-163-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | K. Wu K. Wu J. Xu J. Xu X. Yue X. Yue C. Xiong W. Wang W. Yuan W. Yuan C. Wang C. Wang Y. Zhu Y. Zhu J. Luo J. Luo Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time Annales Geophysicae |
| title | Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time |
| title_full | Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time |
| title_fullStr | Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time |
| title_full_unstemmed | Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time |
| title_short | Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time |
| title_sort | equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time |
| url | https://www.ann-geophys.net/38/163/2020/angeo-38-163-2020.pdf |
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