Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>
Histoplasmosis and pneumocystosis co-infections have been reported mainly in immunocompromised humans and in wild animals. The immunological response to each fungal infection has been described primarily using animal models; however, the host response to concomitant infection is unknown. The present...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/938 |
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| author | Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi Eda P. Tenorio Fernando R. Morales-Villarreal El Moukhtar Aliouat Edgar Zenteno José-Arturo Martínez-Orozco Maria-Lucia Taylor |
| author_facet | Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi Eda P. Tenorio Fernando R. Morales-Villarreal El Moukhtar Aliouat Edgar Zenteno José-Arturo Martínez-Orozco Maria-Lucia Taylor |
| author_sort | Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Histoplasmosis and pneumocystosis co-infections have been reported mainly in immunocompromised humans and in wild animals. The immunological response to each fungal infection has been described primarily using animal models; however, the host response to concomitant infection is unknown. The present work aimed to evaluate the pulmonary immunological response of patients with pneumonia caused either by <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>, <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>, or their co-infection. We analyzed the pulmonary collectin and cytokine patterns of 131 bronchoalveolar lavage samples, which included HIV and non-HIV patients infected with <i>H. capsulatum</i>, <i>P. jirovecii</i>, or both fungi, as well as healthy volunteers and HIV patients without the studied fungal infections. Our results showed an increased production of the surfactant protein-A (SP-A) in non-HIV patients with <i>H. capsulatum</i> infection, contrasting with HIV patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant differences in median values of SP-A, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-17A, IL-33, IL-13, and CXCL8 were found among all the groups studied, suggesting that these cytokines play a role in the local inflammatory processes of histoplasmosis and pneumocystosis. Interestingly, non-HIV patients with co-infection and pneumocystosis alone showed lower levels of SP-A, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-17A, and IL-23 than histoplasmosis patients, suggesting an immunomodulatory ability of <i>P. jirovecii</i> over <i>H. capsulatum</i> response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4d3e565eb0c4bc0904b01cabe1a1104 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4d3e565eb0c4bc0904b01cabe1a11042023-11-22T23:55:41ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-11-0171193810.3390/jof7110938Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi0Eda P. Tenorio1Fernando R. Morales-Villarreal2El Moukhtar Aliouat3Edgar Zenteno4José-Arturo Martínez-Orozco5Maria-Lucia Taylor6Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología Clínica, INER, Mexico City 14080, MexicoCNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, F-59000 Lille, FranceDepartamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartamento de Microbiología Clínica, INER, Mexico City 14080, MexicoLaboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, MexicoHistoplasmosis and pneumocystosis co-infections have been reported mainly in immunocompromised humans and in wild animals. The immunological response to each fungal infection has been described primarily using animal models; however, the host response to concomitant infection is unknown. The present work aimed to evaluate the pulmonary immunological response of patients with pneumonia caused either by <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>, <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>, or their co-infection. We analyzed the pulmonary collectin and cytokine patterns of 131 bronchoalveolar lavage samples, which included HIV and non-HIV patients infected with <i>H. capsulatum</i>, <i>P. jirovecii</i>, or both fungi, as well as healthy volunteers and HIV patients without the studied fungal infections. Our results showed an increased production of the surfactant protein-A (SP-A) in non-HIV patients with <i>H. capsulatum</i> infection, contrasting with HIV patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significant differences in median values of SP-A, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-17A, IL-33, IL-13, and CXCL8 were found among all the groups studied, suggesting that these cytokines play a role in the local inflammatory processes of histoplasmosis and pneumocystosis. Interestingly, non-HIV patients with co-infection and pneumocystosis alone showed lower levels of SP-A, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-17A, and IL-23 than histoplasmosis patients, suggesting an immunomodulatory ability of <i>P. jirovecii</i> over <i>H. capsulatum</i> response.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/938<i>H. capsulatum</i><i>P. jirovecii</i>bronchoalveolar lavageSP-A and SP-Dcytokines |
| spellingShingle | Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi Eda P. Tenorio Fernando R. Morales-Villarreal El Moukhtar Aliouat Edgar Zenteno José-Arturo Martínez-Orozco Maria-Lucia Taylor Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Journal of Fungi <i>H. capsulatum</i> <i>P. jirovecii</i> bronchoalveolar lavage SP-A and SP-D cytokines |
| title | Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> |
| title_full | Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> |
| title_short | Detection of Cytokines and Collectins in Bronchoalveolar Fluid Samples of Patients Infected with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> |
| title_sort | detection of cytokines and collectins in bronchoalveolar fluid samples of patients infected with i histoplasma capsulatum i and i pneumocystis jirovecii i |
| topic | <i>H. capsulatum</i> <i>P. jirovecii</i> bronchoalveolar lavage SP-A and SP-D cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/11/938 |
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