Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging
Functionalized nanomaterials of various categories are essential for developing cancer nano-theranostics for brain diseases; however, some limitations exist in their effectiveness and clinical translation, such as toxicity, limited tumor penetration, and inability to cross blood–brain and blood-tumo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/1/18 |
| _version_ | 1797498145125433344 |
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| author | Ramar Thangam Ramasamy Paulmurugan Heemin Kang |
| author_facet | Ramar Thangam Ramasamy Paulmurugan Heemin Kang |
| author_sort | Ramar Thangam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Functionalized nanomaterials of various categories are essential for developing cancer nano-theranostics for brain diseases; however, some limitations exist in their effectiveness and clinical translation, such as toxicity, limited tumor penetration, and inability to cross blood–brain and blood-tumor barriers. Metal nanomaterials with functional fluorescent tags possess unique properties in improving their functional properties, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), superparamagnetism, and photo/bioluminescence, which facilitates imaging applications in addition to their deliveries. Moreover, these multifunctional nanomaterials could be synthesized through various chemical modifications on their physical surfaces via attaching targeting peptides, fluorophores, and quantum dots (QD), which could improve the application of these nanomaterials by facilitating theranostic modalities. In addition to their inherent CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PAI (Photo-acoustic imaging), and X-ray contrast imaging, various multifunctional nanoparticles with imaging probes serve as brain-targeted imaging candidates in several imaging modalities. The primary criteria of these functional nanomaterials for translational application to the brain must be zero toxicity. Moreover, the beneficial aspects of nano-theranostics of nanoparticles are their multifunctional systems proportioned towards personalized disease management via comprising diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in a single biodegradable nanomaterial. This review highlights the emerging aspects of engineered nanomaterials to reach and deliver therapeutics to the brain and how to improve this by adopting the imaging modalities for theranostic applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:29:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4d6483eb912438cb66c98344a61cf4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:29:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4d6483eb912438cb66c98344a61cf4f2023-11-23T12:00:19ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-12-011211810.3390/nano12010018Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain ImagingRamar Thangam0Ramasamy Paulmurugan1Heemin Kang2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaMolecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaFunctionalized nanomaterials of various categories are essential for developing cancer nano-theranostics for brain diseases; however, some limitations exist in their effectiveness and clinical translation, such as toxicity, limited tumor penetration, and inability to cross blood–brain and blood-tumor barriers. Metal nanomaterials with functional fluorescent tags possess unique properties in improving their functional properties, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), superparamagnetism, and photo/bioluminescence, which facilitates imaging applications in addition to their deliveries. Moreover, these multifunctional nanomaterials could be synthesized through various chemical modifications on their physical surfaces via attaching targeting peptides, fluorophores, and quantum dots (QD), which could improve the application of these nanomaterials by facilitating theranostic modalities. In addition to their inherent CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PAI (Photo-acoustic imaging), and X-ray contrast imaging, various multifunctional nanoparticles with imaging probes serve as brain-targeted imaging candidates in several imaging modalities. The primary criteria of these functional nanomaterials for translational application to the brain must be zero toxicity. Moreover, the beneficial aspects of nano-theranostics of nanoparticles are their multifunctional systems proportioned towards personalized disease management via comprising diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in a single biodegradable nanomaterial. This review highlights the emerging aspects of engineered nanomaterials to reach and deliver therapeutics to the brain and how to improve this by adopting the imaging modalities for theranostic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/1/18functionalized nanomaterialscontrast agentsimagingdeliverytheranostics |
| spellingShingle | Ramar Thangam Ramasamy Paulmurugan Heemin Kang Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging Nanomaterials functionalized nanomaterials contrast agents imaging delivery theranostics |
| title | Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging |
| title_full | Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging |
| title_fullStr | Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging |
| title_short | Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging |
| title_sort | functionalized nanomaterials as tailored theranostic agents in brain imaging |
| topic | functionalized nanomaterials contrast agents imaging delivery theranostics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/1/18 |
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