Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments
Covalent-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (CF-GNPs) inside a circular heated-pipe and the subsequent pressure decrease loss within a fully developed turbulent flow were discussed in this research. Four samples of nanofluids were prepared and investigated in the ranges of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3094 |
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| author | Reem Sabah Mohammad Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla Miklas Scholz Zaher Mundher Yaseen |
| author_facet | Reem Sabah Mohammad Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla Miklas Scholz Zaher Mundher Yaseen |
| author_sort | Reem Sabah Mohammad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Covalent-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (CF-GNPs) inside a circular heated-pipe and the subsequent pressure decrease loss within a fully developed turbulent flow were discussed in this research. Four samples of nanofluids were prepared and investigated in the ranges of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%. Different tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible-spectrophotometer (UV-visible), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential, and nanoparticle sizing were used for the data preparation. The thermophysical properties of the working fluids were experimentally determined using the testing conditions established via computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations that had been designed to solve governing equations involving distilled water (DW) and nanofluidic flows. The average error between the numerical solution and the Blasius formula was ~4.85%. Relative to the DW, the pressure dropped by 27.80% for 0.025 wt.%, 35.69% for 0.05 wt.%, 41.61% for 0.075 wt.%, and 47.04% for 0.1 wt.%. Meanwhile, the pumping power increased by 3.8% for 0.025 wt.%, 5.3% for 0.05 wt.%, 6.6% for 0.075%, and 7.8% for 0.1 wt.%. The research findings on the cost analysis demonstrated that the daily electric costs were USD 214, 350, 416, 482, and 558 for DW of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4e46b9a16b541f4bde96f2b4e134d27 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4e46b9a16b541f4bde96f2b4e134d272023-11-23T00:43:04ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-11-011111309410.3390/nano11113094Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow EnvironmentsReem Sabah Mohammad0Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy1Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan2Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla3Miklas Scholz4Zaher Mundher Yaseen5Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Administration and Economic, University of Misan, Amarah 62001, IraqDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Benghazi 11199, LibyaDivision of Advanced Nanomaterial Technologies, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, IraqEnvironmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, IraqDivision of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, SwedenNew Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, IraqCovalent-functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (CF-GNPs) inside a circular heated-pipe and the subsequent pressure decrease loss within a fully developed turbulent flow were discussed in this research. Four samples of nanofluids were prepared and investigated in the ranges of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%. Different tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible-spectrophotometer (UV-visible), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential, and nanoparticle sizing were used for the data preparation. The thermophysical properties of the working fluids were experimentally determined using the testing conditions established via computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations that had been designed to solve governing equations involving distilled water (DW) and nanofluidic flows. The average error between the numerical solution and the Blasius formula was ~4.85%. Relative to the DW, the pressure dropped by 27.80% for 0.025 wt.%, 35.69% for 0.05 wt.%, 41.61% for 0.075 wt.%, and 47.04% for 0.1 wt.%. Meanwhile, the pumping power increased by 3.8% for 0.025 wt.%, 5.3% for 0.05 wt.%, 6.6% for 0.075%, and 7.8% for 0.1 wt.%. The research findings on the cost analysis demonstrated that the daily electric costs were USD 214, 350, 416, 482, and 558 for DW of 0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.075 wt.%, and 0.1 wt.%, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3094graphene nanoplateletscost savingpower plant managementturbulent flowpumping powerpressure drop |
| spellingShingle | Reem Sabah Mohammad Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy Mu’ataz S. Al Hassan Aziz Ibrahim Abdulla Miklas Scholz Zaher Mundher Yaseen Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments Nanomaterials graphene nanoplatelets cost saving power plant management turbulent flow pumping power pressure drop |
| title | Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments |
| title_full | Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments |
| title_fullStr | Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments |
| title_short | Frictional Pressure Drop and Cost Savings for Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow Environments |
| title_sort | frictional pressure drop and cost savings for graphene nanoplatelets nanofluids in turbulent flow environments |
| topic | graphene nanoplatelets cost saving power plant management turbulent flow pumping power pressure drop |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3094 |
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