Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals
Low-calorie Mediterranean-style or low-carbohydrate dietary regimens are widely used nutritional strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a balanced Mediterranean diet with a low-carbohydrate di...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1345 |
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| author | Domenico Tricò Diego Moriconi Rossana Berta Simona Baldi Alfredo Quinones-Galvan Letizia Guiducci Stefano Taddei Andrea Mari Monica Nannipieri |
| author_facet | Domenico Tricò Diego Moriconi Rossana Berta Simona Baldi Alfredo Quinones-Galvan Letizia Guiducci Stefano Taddei Andrea Mari Monica Nannipieri |
| author_sort | Domenico Tricò |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-calorie Mediterranean-style or low-carbohydrate dietary regimens are widely used nutritional strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a balanced Mediterranean diet with a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and glucose homeostasis in morbidly obese individuals at high risk to develop diabetes. Insulin secretion, insulin clearance, and different β-cell function components were estimated by modeling plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide profiles during 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of each dietary intervention. The average weight loss was 5%, being 58% greater in the low-carbohydrate-group than Mediterranean-group. Fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance were not affected by the diets. The two dietary regimens proved similarly effective in improving insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia, while enhancing endogenous insulin clearance and β-cell glucose sensitivity. In summary, we demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet is a successful short-term approach for weight loss in morbidly obese patients and a feasible alternative to the Mediterranean diet for its glucometabolic benefits, including improvements in insulin resistance, insulin clearance and β-cell function. Further studies are needed to compare the long-term efficacy and safety of the two diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:13:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c502c4ba93ee45fbbd5b7df55c614c3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:13:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-c502c4ba93ee45fbbd5b7df55c614c3e2023-11-21T16:03:39ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01134134510.3390/nu13041345Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese IndividualsDomenico Tricò0Diego Moriconi1Rossana Berta2Simona Baldi3Alfredo Quinones-Galvan4Letizia Guiducci5Stefano Taddei6Andrea Mari7Monica Nannipieri8Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyBariatric Surgery Division, University Hospital of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyFondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56126 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 35127 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyLow-calorie Mediterranean-style or low-carbohydrate dietary regimens are widely used nutritional strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a balanced Mediterranean diet with a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and glucose homeostasis in morbidly obese individuals at high risk to develop diabetes. Insulin secretion, insulin clearance, and different β-cell function components were estimated by modeling plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide profiles during 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of each dietary intervention. The average weight loss was 5%, being 58% greater in the low-carbohydrate-group than Mediterranean-group. Fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance were not affected by the diets. The two dietary regimens proved similarly effective in improving insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia, while enhancing endogenous insulin clearance and β-cell glucose sensitivity. In summary, we demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet is a successful short-term approach for weight loss in morbidly obese patients and a feasible alternative to the Mediterranean diet for its glucometabolic benefits, including improvements in insulin resistance, insulin clearance and β-cell function. Further studies are needed to compare the long-term efficacy and safety of the two diets.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1345beta cell functionglucose tolerancehigh protein dietinsulin clearanceinsulin secretioninsulin sensitivity |
| spellingShingle | Domenico Tricò Diego Moriconi Rossana Berta Simona Baldi Alfredo Quinones-Galvan Letizia Guiducci Stefano Taddei Andrea Mari Monica Nannipieri Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals Nutrients beta cell function glucose tolerance high protein diet insulin clearance insulin secretion insulin sensitivity |
| title | Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals |
| title_full | Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals |
| title_short | Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals |
| title_sort | effects of low carbohydrate versus mediterranean diets on weight loss glucose metabolism insulin kinetics and β cell function in morbidly obese individuals |
| topic | beta cell function glucose tolerance high protein diet insulin clearance insulin secretion insulin sensitivity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1345 |
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