Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitization
A drapery speleothem (DRA-1) from Castañar Cave in Spain was subjected to a detailed petrographical study in order to identify its primary and diagenetic features. The drapery’s present day characteristics are the result of the combined effects of the primary and diagenetic processes that DRA-1 unde...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
University of South Florida Libraries
2012-07-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Speleology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1087&context=ijs |
| _version_ | 1818936990422269952 |
|---|---|
| author | Martín-Pérez A. Martín-García R. Alonso-Zarza A.M. |
| author_facet | Martín-Pérez A. Martín-García R. Alonso-Zarza A.M. |
| author_sort | Martín-Pérez A. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A drapery speleothem (DRA-1) from Castañar Cave in Spain was subjected to a detailed petrographical study in order to identify its primary and diagenetic features. The drapery’s present day characteristics are the result of the combined effects of the primary and diagenetic processes that DRA-1 underwent. Its primary minerals are calcite, aragonite and huntite. Calcite is the main constituent of the speleothem, whereas aragonite forms as frostwork over the calcite. Huntite is the main mineral of moonmilk which covers the tips of aragonite. These primary minerals have undergone a set of diagenetic processes, which include: 1) partial dissolution or corrosion that produces the formation of powdery matt-white coatings on the surface of the speleothem. These are seen under the microscope as dark and highly porous microcrystalline aggregates; 2) total dissolution produces pores of few cm2 in size; 3) calcitization and dolomitization of aragonite result in the thickening and lost of shine of the aragonite fibres. Microscopically, calcitization is seen as rhombohedral crystals which cover and replace aragonite forming mosaics that preserve relics of aragonite precursor. Dolomitization results in the formation of microcrystalline rounded aggregates over aragonite fibres. These aggregates are formed by dolomite crystals of around 1 μm size. The sequence of diagenetic processes follows two main pathways. Pathway 1 is driven by the increase of saturation degree and Mg/Ca ratio of the karstic waters and is visible in the NW side of the drapery. This sequence of processes includes: 1) aragonite and huntite primary precipitation and 2) dolomitization. Pathway 2 is driven by a decrease in the degree of saturation of calcite and aragonite and Mg/Ca ratio of the cave waters, and it is observed in the SE side of the drapery. The diagenetic processes of the second pathway include: 1) calcitization of aragonite; 2) incomplete dissolution (micritization) of both aragonite and calcite; 3) total dissolution. This study highlights the importance of diagenetic processes on speleothems and their complexity. The correct interpretation of these processes is crucial for the understanding of possible changes in the chemistry of waters, temperature, or pCO2 and so is critical to the correct interpretation of the paleoenvironmental significance of speleothems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:44:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c50576d18f60473ab42d162bd2bda6d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0392-6672 1827-806X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:44:50Z |
| publishDate | 2012-07-01 |
| publisher | University of South Florida Libraries |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Speleology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c50576d18f60473ab42d162bd2bda6d82022-12-21T19:51:21ZengUniversity of South Florida LibrariesInternational Journal of Speleology0392-66721827-806X2012-07-01412251266Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitizationMartín-Pérez A.Martín-García R.Alonso-Zarza A.M.A drapery speleothem (DRA-1) from Castañar Cave in Spain was subjected to a detailed petrographical study in order to identify its primary and diagenetic features. The drapery’s present day characteristics are the result of the combined effects of the primary and diagenetic processes that DRA-1 underwent. Its primary minerals are calcite, aragonite and huntite. Calcite is the main constituent of the speleothem, whereas aragonite forms as frostwork over the calcite. Huntite is the main mineral of moonmilk which covers the tips of aragonite. These primary minerals have undergone a set of diagenetic processes, which include: 1) partial dissolution or corrosion that produces the formation of powdery matt-white coatings on the surface of the speleothem. These are seen under the microscope as dark and highly porous microcrystalline aggregates; 2) total dissolution produces pores of few cm2 in size; 3) calcitization and dolomitization of aragonite result in the thickening and lost of shine of the aragonite fibres. Microscopically, calcitization is seen as rhombohedral crystals which cover and replace aragonite forming mosaics that preserve relics of aragonite precursor. Dolomitization results in the formation of microcrystalline rounded aggregates over aragonite fibres. These aggregates are formed by dolomite crystals of around 1 μm size. The sequence of diagenetic processes follows two main pathways. Pathway 1 is driven by the increase of saturation degree and Mg/Ca ratio of the karstic waters and is visible in the NW side of the drapery. This sequence of processes includes: 1) aragonite and huntite primary precipitation and 2) dolomitization. Pathway 2 is driven by a decrease in the degree of saturation of calcite and aragonite and Mg/Ca ratio of the cave waters, and it is observed in the SE side of the drapery. The diagenetic processes of the second pathway include: 1) calcitization of aragonite; 2) incomplete dissolution (micritization) of both aragonite and calcite; 3) total dissolution. This study highlights the importance of diagenetic processes on speleothems and their complexity. The correct interpretation of these processes is crucial for the understanding of possible changes in the chemistry of waters, temperature, or pCO2 and so is critical to the correct interpretation of the paleoenvironmental significance of speleothems.http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1087&context=ijsdiagenesisspeleothemscorrosionaragonite-calcitedolomitization. |
| spellingShingle | Martín-Pérez A. Martín-García R. Alonso-Zarza A.M. Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitization International Journal of Speleology diagenesis speleothems corrosion aragonite-calcite dolomitization. |
| title | Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitization |
| title_full | Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitization |
| title_fullStr | Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitization |
| title_short | Diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from Castañar Cave: from dissolution to dolomitization |
| title_sort | diagenesis of a drapery speleothem from castanar cave from dissolution to dolomitization |
| topic | diagenesis speleothems corrosion aragonite-calcite dolomitization. |
| url | http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1087&context=ijs |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT martinpereza diagenesisofadraperyspeleothemfromcastanarcavefromdissolutiontodolomitization AT martingarciar diagenesisofadraperyspeleothemfromcastanarcavefromdissolutiontodolomitization AT alonsozarzaam diagenesisofadraperyspeleothemfromcastanarcavefromdissolutiontodolomitization |