European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages
Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently emerged respirovirus closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SenV). PPIV-1 has been detected in Asia, the Americas and Europe, but knowledge on its epidemiology and genetic diversity is very limited. In the presen...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/375 |
| _version_ | 1797443755975901184 |
|---|---|
| author | Tomasz Stadejek Piotr Cybulski Phillip C. Gauger Aleksandra Woźniak |
| author_facet | Tomasz Stadejek Piotr Cybulski Phillip C. Gauger Aleksandra Woźniak |
| author_sort | Tomasz Stadejek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently emerged respirovirus closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SenV). PPIV-1 has been detected in Asia, the Americas and Europe, but knowledge on its epidemiology and genetic diversity is very limited. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of the fusion (F)-protein gene obtained from samples from 12 Polish and 11 US herds were analysed and compared to previously available genetic data from the Americas, Asia and Europe. The existence of two distinct clades was observed, grouping European sequences and one Hong Kong sequence (clade 1), or one American sequence and three Asian sequences (clade 2). The mean genetic distances measured with the p-distance were 0.04 (S.E., 0.000) within both clades, and 0.095 (S.E., 0.006) between the clades. Moreover, two distinct clusters of highly similar sequences were identified, which corresponded to the geographically distant nurseries and finishing units, from three pig flows within one Polish pig-production company. The obtained data indicate that the two PPIV-1 lineages may have evolved independently in Europe and America. More studies, particularly involving Asian viruses, are necessary to understand the virus’ emergence and epidemiology and the role of carriers in the spread of PPIV-1. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c50b150b44fa4d0baf1de6a45ed8d8c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-c50b150b44fa4d0baf1de6a45ed8d8c02023-11-30T21:53:09ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-03-0111337510.3390/pathogens11030375European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic LineagesTomasz Stadejek0Piotr Cybulski1Phillip C. Gauger2Aleksandra Woźniak3Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandGoodvalley Agro S.A., Dworcowa 25, 77-320 Przechlewo, PolandVeterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive Ames, IA 50011-1134, USADepartment of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, PolandPorcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently emerged respirovirus closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SenV). PPIV-1 has been detected in Asia, the Americas and Europe, but knowledge on its epidemiology and genetic diversity is very limited. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of the fusion (F)-protein gene obtained from samples from 12 Polish and 11 US herds were analysed and compared to previously available genetic data from the Americas, Asia and Europe. The existence of two distinct clades was observed, grouping European sequences and one Hong Kong sequence (clade 1), or one American sequence and three Asian sequences (clade 2). The mean genetic distances measured with the p-distance were 0.04 (S.E., 0.000) within both clades, and 0.095 (S.E., 0.006) between the clades. Moreover, two distinct clusters of highly similar sequences were identified, which corresponded to the geographically distant nurseries and finishing units, from three pig flows within one Polish pig-production company. The obtained data indicate that the two PPIV-1 lineages may have evolved independently in Europe and America. More studies, particularly involving Asian viruses, are necessary to understand the virus’ emergence and epidemiology and the role of carriers in the spread of PPIV-1.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/375PPIV-1PRV-1parainfluenzasequencingepidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Stadejek Piotr Cybulski Phillip C. Gauger Aleksandra Woźniak European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages Pathogens PPIV-1 PRV-1 parainfluenza sequencing epidemiology |
| title | European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages |
| title_full | European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages |
| title_fullStr | European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages |
| title_full_unstemmed | European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages |
| title_short | European and American Strains of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) Belong to Two Distinct Genetic Lineages |
| title_sort | european and american strains of porcine parainfluenza virus 1 ppiv 1 belong to two distinct genetic lineages |
| topic | PPIV-1 PRV-1 parainfluenza sequencing epidemiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/375 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomaszstadejek europeanandamericanstrainsofporcineparainfluenzavirus1ppiv1belongtotwodistinctgeneticlineages AT piotrcybulski europeanandamericanstrainsofporcineparainfluenzavirus1ppiv1belongtotwodistinctgeneticlineages AT phillipcgauger europeanandamericanstrainsofporcineparainfluenzavirus1ppiv1belongtotwodistinctgeneticlineages AT aleksandrawozniak europeanandamericanstrainsofporcineparainfluenzavirus1ppiv1belongtotwodistinctgeneticlineages |