In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing
Laser beam-based deposition methods such as laser cladding or additive manufacturing of metals promises improved properties, performance, and reliability of the materials and therefore rely heavily on understanding the relationship between chemical composition, rapid solidification processing condit...
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2020-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/9/2192 |
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| author | Xiaoshuang Li Kai Zweiacker Daniel Grolimund Dario Ferreira Sanchez Adriaan B. Spierings Christian Leinenbach Konrad Wegener |
| author_facet | Xiaoshuang Li Kai Zweiacker Daniel Grolimund Dario Ferreira Sanchez Adriaan B. Spierings Christian Leinenbach Konrad Wegener |
| author_sort | Xiaoshuang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laser beam-based deposition methods such as laser cladding or additive manufacturing of metals promises improved properties, performance, and reliability of the materials and therefore rely heavily on understanding the relationship between chemical composition, rapid solidification processing conditions, and resulting microstructural features. In this work, the phase formation of four Ni-Cr-Si alloys was studied as a function of cooling rate and chemical composition using a liquid droplet rapid solidification technique. Post mortem x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction shows the present and evolution of the rapidly solidified microstructures. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared to standard laser deposition tests. In situ microbeam diffraction revealed that due to rapid cooling and an increasing amount of Cr and Si, metastable high-temperature silicides remain in the final microstructure. Due to more sluggish interface kinetics of intermetallic compounds than that of disorder solid solution, an anomalous eutectic structure becomes dominant over the regular lamellar microstructure at high cooling rates. The rapid solidification experiments produced a microstructure similar to the one generated in laser coating thus confirming that this rapid solidification test allows a rapid pre-screening of alloys suitable for laser beam-based processing techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:51Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c51e917eeae945088b63db68717bb05d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:55:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c51e917eeae945088b63db68717bb05d2023-11-19T23:59:09ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-05-01139219210.3390/ma13092192In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive ManufacturingXiaoshuang Li0Kai Zweiacker1Daniel Grolimund2Dario Ferreira Sanchez3Adriaan B. Spierings4Christian Leinenbach5Konrad Wegener6Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, SwitzerlandEmpa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, SwitzerlandSwiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, SwitzerlandSwiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, SwitzerlandInnovation Center for Additive Manufacturing Switzerland, Inspire AG, Lerchenfeldstrasse 3, CH-9014 St. Gallen, SwitzerlandEmpa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, SwitzerlandInstitute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, CH-8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandLaser beam-based deposition methods such as laser cladding or additive manufacturing of metals promises improved properties, performance, and reliability of the materials and therefore rely heavily on understanding the relationship between chemical composition, rapid solidification processing conditions, and resulting microstructural features. In this work, the phase formation of four Ni-Cr-Si alloys was studied as a function of cooling rate and chemical composition using a liquid droplet rapid solidification technique. Post mortem x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and in situ synchrotron microbeam X-ray diffraction shows the present and evolution of the rapidly solidified microstructures. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared to standard laser deposition tests. In situ microbeam diffraction revealed that due to rapid cooling and an increasing amount of Cr and Si, metastable high-temperature silicides remain in the final microstructure. Due to more sluggish interface kinetics of intermetallic compounds than that of disorder solid solution, an anomalous eutectic structure becomes dominant over the regular lamellar microstructure at high cooling rates. The rapid solidification experiments produced a microstructure similar to the one generated in laser coating thus confirming that this rapid solidification test allows a rapid pre-screening of alloys suitable for laser beam-based processing techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/9/2192Ni-Cr-Sirapid solidificationlaser coatinganomalous eutectic |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoshuang Li Kai Zweiacker Daniel Grolimund Dario Ferreira Sanchez Adriaan B. Spierings Christian Leinenbach Konrad Wegener In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing Materials Ni-Cr-Si rapid solidification laser coating anomalous eutectic |
| title | In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full | In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing |
| title_fullStr | In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing |
| title_short | In Situ and Ex Situ Characterization of the Microstructure Formation in Ni-Cr-Si Alloys during Rapid Solidification—Toward Alloy Design for Laser Additive Manufacturing |
| title_sort | in situ and ex situ characterization of the microstructure formation in ni cr si alloys during rapid solidification toward alloy design for laser additive manufacturing |
| topic | Ni-Cr-Si rapid solidification laser coating anomalous eutectic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/9/2192 |
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