Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients
IntroductionThe clinical manifestations of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest a dysregulation of the host immune response that leads to inflammation, thrombosis, and organ dysfunction. It is less clear whe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329026/full |
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| author | Eugene V. Ravkov Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams Marc Elgort Adam P. Barker Adam P. Barker Vicente Planelles Adam M. Spivak Julio C. Delgado Julio C. Delgado Leo Lin Leo Lin Timothy M. Hanley Timothy M. Hanley |
| author_facet | Eugene V. Ravkov Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams Marc Elgort Adam P. Barker Adam P. Barker Vicente Planelles Adam M. Spivak Julio C. Delgado Julio C. Delgado Leo Lin Leo Lin Timothy M. Hanley Timothy M. Hanley |
| author_sort | Eugene V. Ravkov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe clinical manifestations of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest a dysregulation of the host immune response that leads to inflammation, thrombosis, and organ dysfunction. It is less clear whether these dysregulated processes persist during the convalescent phase of disease or during long COVID. We sought to examine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the proportions of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, their activation status, and their functional properties in convalescent COVID-19 patients.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from convalescent COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry to determine relative percentages of total monocytes and monocyte subsets. The expression of activation markers and proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS treatment were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively.ResultsWe found that the percentage of total monocytes was decreased in convalescent COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected controls. This was due to decreased intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients demonstrated a decrease in activation markers, such as CD56, in response to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients showed decreased expression of CD142 (tissue factor), which can initiate the extrinsic coagulation cascade, in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, we found that monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients produced less TNF-α and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, than those from uninfected controls.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits a clear effect on the relative proportions of monocyte subsets, the activation status of classical monocytes, and proinflammatory cytokine production that persists during the convalescent phase of disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:06:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c52ac4d8929e452ab412db6de5ac603e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:06:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c52ac4d8929e452ab412db6de5ac603e2024-01-04T04:58:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-01-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.13290261329026Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patientsEugene V. Ravkov0Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams1Marc Elgort2Adam P. Barker3Adam P. Barker4Vicente Planelles5Adam M. Spivak6Julio C. Delgado7Julio C. Delgado8Leo Lin9Leo Lin10Timothy M. Hanley11Timothy M. Hanley12ARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesARUP Laboratories Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United StatesIntroductionThe clinical manifestations of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suggest a dysregulation of the host immune response that leads to inflammation, thrombosis, and organ dysfunction. It is less clear whether these dysregulated processes persist during the convalescent phase of disease or during long COVID. We sought to examine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the proportions of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, their activation status, and their functional properties in convalescent COVID-19 patients.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from convalescent COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry to determine relative percentages of total monocytes and monocyte subsets. The expression of activation markers and proinflammatory cytokines in response to LPS treatment were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively.ResultsWe found that the percentage of total monocytes was decreased in convalescent COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected controls. This was due to decreased intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients demonstrated a decrease in activation markers, such as CD56, in response to stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, classical monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients showed decreased expression of CD142 (tissue factor), which can initiate the extrinsic coagulation cascade, in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, we found that monocytes from convalescent COVID-19 patients produced less TNF-α and IL-6 in response to LPS stimulation, than those from uninfected controls.ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits a clear effect on the relative proportions of monocyte subsets, the activation status of classical monocytes, and proinflammatory cytokine production that persists during the convalescent phase of disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329026/fullmonocytesCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2tissue factorTNF-αIL-6 69 |
| spellingShingle | Eugene V. Ravkov Elizabeth S. C. P. Williams Marc Elgort Adam P. Barker Adam P. Barker Vicente Planelles Adam M. Spivak Julio C. Delgado Julio C. Delgado Leo Lin Leo Lin Timothy M. Hanley Timothy M. Hanley Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients Frontiers in Immunology monocytes COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 tissue factor TNF-α IL-6 69 |
| title | Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients |
| title_full | Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients |
| title_fullStr | Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients |
| title_short | Reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent COVID-19 patients |
| title_sort | reduced monocyte proportions and responsiveness in convalescent covid 19 patients |
| topic | monocytes COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 tissue factor TNF-α IL-6 69 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1329026/full |
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