Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern China
Background: Purple soil has a fragile structure and is highly vulnerable to soil erosion and phosphorus (P) loss risks. Despite this, the region is endowed with abundant crop residue resources. To ensure sustainable agricultural development in this area, we conducted a study to investigate the impac...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/4/1137 |
| _version_ | 1797606805311848448 |
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| author | Yuxin He Kaicheng Yang Wenhua Zhuang Chao Liu Longguo Li Chi Zhang Mingming Li |
| author_facet | Yuxin He Kaicheng Yang Wenhua Zhuang Chao Liu Longguo Li Chi Zhang Mingming Li |
| author_sort | Yuxin He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Purple soil has a fragile structure and is highly vulnerable to soil erosion and phosphorus (P) loss risks. Despite this, the region is endowed with abundant crop residue resources. To ensure sustainable agricultural development in this area, we conducted a study to investigate the impact of crop residue removal on soil aggregate structure, soil erosion, and the risk of <i>P</i> loss. Methods: We conducted a three-year on-farm experiment and analyzed various soil parameters. These parameters include mean weight diameter (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), geometric mean diameter (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), soil aggregates with a diameter greater than 0.25 mm (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>0.25</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil erosion estimated by RUSLE 2, total soil phosphorus (<i>TP</i>) concentration, geometric mean concentration of <i>TP</i> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and geometric mean concentration of <i>TP</i> adjusted for aggregate size (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Results: Retaining all crop residue can significantly improve soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, which was 2.56 times higher than the complete removal treatment. After three years of experimentation, compared to four months, the 50% residue removal treatment increased the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> by 32.7%, while the 0% removal treatment increased the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> by 16.6%. Both improvements were higher than the complete removal treatment. Partial or complete removal of the crop residue can reduce the soil aggregate stability and increase the risk of soil erosion and <i>P</i> loss. Conclusions: The <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> have the potential to serve as indicators for evaluating soil <i>P</i> loss risk. Removing crop residues can cause the degradation of the structure of purple soil aggregates, thus resulting in increased soil erosion and <i>P</i> loss. It is not recommended to remove crop residues in the purple soil region to ensure sustainable agricultural development. |
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| id | doaj.art-c52cd1ffa7d54f67960e9c8c09d472e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c52cd1ffa7d54f67960e9c8c09d472e62023-11-17T17:58:08ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-04-01134113710.3390/agronomy13041137Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern ChinaYuxin He0Kaicheng Yang1Wenhua Zhuang2Chao Liu3Longguo Li4Chi Zhang5Mingming Li6State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaBackground: Purple soil has a fragile structure and is highly vulnerable to soil erosion and phosphorus (P) loss risks. Despite this, the region is endowed with abundant crop residue resources. To ensure sustainable agricultural development in this area, we conducted a study to investigate the impact of crop residue removal on soil aggregate structure, soil erosion, and the risk of <i>P</i> loss. Methods: We conducted a three-year on-farm experiment and analyzed various soil parameters. These parameters include mean weight diameter (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>M</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), geometric mean diameter (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), soil aggregates with a diameter greater than 0.25 mm (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>></mo><mn>0.25</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil erosion estimated by RUSLE 2, total soil phosphorus (<i>TP</i>) concentration, geometric mean concentration of <i>TP</i> (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and geometric mean concentration of <i>TP</i> adjusted for aggregate size (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Results: Retaining all crop residue can significantly improve soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, which was 2.56 times higher than the complete removal treatment. After three years of experimentation, compared to four months, the 50% residue removal treatment increased the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> by 32.7%, while the 0% removal treatment increased the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> by 16.6%. Both improvements were higher than the complete removal treatment. Partial or complete removal of the crop residue can reduce the soil aggregate stability and increase the risk of soil erosion and <i>P</i> loss. Conclusions: The <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> have the potential to serve as indicators for evaluating soil <i>P</i> loss risk. Removing crop residues can cause the degradation of the structure of purple soil aggregates, thus resulting in increased soil erosion and <i>P</i> loss. It is not recommended to remove crop residues in the purple soil region to ensure sustainable agricultural development.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/4/1137purple soilcrop residue removalsoil erosionphosphorus loss |
| spellingShingle | Yuxin He Kaicheng Yang Wenhua Zhuang Chao Liu Longguo Li Chi Zhang Mingming Li Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern China Agronomy purple soil crop residue removal soil erosion phosphorus loss |
| title | Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern China |
| title_full | Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern China |
| title_fullStr | Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern China |
| title_short | Crop Residue Removal Effects on Soil Erosion and Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soils Region, Southwestern China |
| title_sort | crop residue removal effects on soil erosion and phosphorus loss in purple soils region southwestern china |
| topic | purple soil crop residue removal soil erosion phosphorus loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/4/1137 |
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