COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES
Electronic cigarettes have become popular worldwide in recent years although their effects on human health are still not properly known. The lack of regulations brings a problem of inconsistency between ingredients and the product label. We aimed to analyse the contents of widely used e-liquids and...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Trakya University
2023-04-01
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Series: | Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences |
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Online Access: | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2505054 |
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author | Z. Pinar Gumus Caner Geyik Gorkem Yararbas |
author_facet | Z. Pinar Gumus Caner Geyik Gorkem Yararbas |
author_sort | Z. Pinar Gumus |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Electronic cigarettes have become popular worldwide in recent years although their effects on human health are still not properly known. The lack of regulations brings a problem of inconsistency between ingredients and the product label. We aimed to analyse the contents of widely used e-liquids and their effects on two different cell lines. Eleven e-liquid samples were selected according to their availability and popularity. Nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), glycerine (GLY), and volatile compounds in e-liquids were analysed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay was used to determine the effects of e-liquids on transformed human normal liver epithelial cell line (THLE-2) and human pharyngeal carcinoma cell line (Detroit 562). Nicotine amounts were found to be consistent with product labels. and GLY were not only different between brands but also for products within the same brand. THLE-2 cell viability was inversely correlated with e-liquid concentration. However, decreases in cell viability were not correlated with nicotine amount. Interestingly, effects of several samples on Detroit 562 cells were triphasic; decrease in viability at lower doses, cell survival in mid-concentrations and loss of viability in highest doses. The analytical composition of e-liquids differs greatly among products which corresponds to different cellular effects. Viability of cancer cells does not change in a dose-dependent manner, which suggest that cellular differences may play role in the outcome of these products. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:00:02Z |
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id | doaj.art-c53475af40c744209459aa47fd8f2c9b |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2528-9691 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-11T12:00:02Z |
publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
publisher | Trakya University |
record_format | Article |
series | Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences |
spelling | doaj.art-c53475af40c744209459aa47fd8f2c9b2023-11-08T07:27:56ZengTrakya UniversityTrakya University Journal of Natural Sciences2528-96912023-04-01241212910.23902/trkjnat.113523769COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINESZ. Pinar Gumus0Caner Geyik1Gorkem Yararbas2Ege Üniversitesi Madde Bağımlılığı, Toksikoloji ve İlaç Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ege Ü. Merkezi Araştırma Test ve Analiz Laboratuvarı Uygulama ve Araştırma MerkeziİSTİNYE ÜNİVERSİTESİEGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MADDE BAĞIMLILIĞI, TOKSİKOLOJİ VE İLAÇ BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜElectronic cigarettes have become popular worldwide in recent years although their effects on human health are still not properly known. The lack of regulations brings a problem of inconsistency between ingredients and the product label. We aimed to analyse the contents of widely used e-liquids and their effects on two different cell lines. Eleven e-liquid samples were selected according to their availability and popularity. Nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), glycerine (GLY), and volatile compounds in e-liquids were analysed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay was used to determine the effects of e-liquids on transformed human normal liver epithelial cell line (THLE-2) and human pharyngeal carcinoma cell line (Detroit 562). Nicotine amounts were found to be consistent with product labels. and GLY were not only different between brands but also for products within the same brand. THLE-2 cell viability was inversely correlated with e-liquid concentration. However, decreases in cell viability were not correlated with nicotine amount. Interestingly, effects of several samples on Detroit 562 cells were triphasic; decrease in viability at lower doses, cell survival in mid-concentrations and loss of viability in highest doses. The analytical composition of e-liquids differs greatly among products which corresponds to different cellular effects. Viability of cancer cells does not change in a dose-dependent manner, which suggest that cellular differences may play role in the outcome of these products.https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2505054electronic cigaretteselectronic liquidschromatographic analysiscell viability |
spellingShingle | Z. Pinar Gumus Caner Geyik Gorkem Yararbas COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences electronic cigarettes electronic liquids chromatographic analysis cell viability |
title | COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES |
title_full | COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES |
title_fullStr | COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES |
title_full_unstemmed | COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES |
title_short | COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF E-LIQUIDS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTHY LIVER AND PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA CELL LINES |
title_sort | composition analysis of e liquids and their effects on healthy liver and pharyngeal carcinoma cell lines |
topic | electronic cigarettes electronic liquids chromatographic analysis cell viability |
url | https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2505054 |
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