Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male Mice
Psychosocial stress precipitates mental illnesses, such as depression, and increases the risk of other health problems, including cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we observed the effects of psychosocial stress on the histopathological features of systemic organs and tissues in a mouse psychos...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1237 |
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| author | Atsushi Toyoda Kina Kawakami Yuto Amano Hideaki Nishizawa Shin-ichi Nakamura Takahiro Kawase Yuta Yoshida Hodaka Suzuki Takamitsu Tsukahara |
| author_facet | Atsushi Toyoda Kina Kawakami Yuto Amano Hideaki Nishizawa Shin-ichi Nakamura Takahiro Kawase Yuta Yoshida Hodaka Suzuki Takamitsu Tsukahara |
| author_sort | Atsushi Toyoda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Psychosocial stress precipitates mental illnesses, such as depression, and increases the risk of other health problems, including cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we observed the effects of psychosocial stress on the histopathological features of systemic organs and tissues in a mouse psychosocial stress model, namely the subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model. There were several pathological findings in the tissues of both sCSDS and control mice. Mild fibrosis of the heart was observed in sCSDS mice but not in control mice. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and hemorrhage in the lungs were observed in both the control and sCSDS mice. Focal necrosis of the liver was seen only in control mice. Furthermore, putrefactive substances in the blood plasma were analyzed because these metabolites originating from intestinal fermentation might be linked to heart fibrosis. Among them, plasma <i>p</i>-cresyl glucuronide and <i>p</i>-cresyl sulfate concentrations significantly increased owing to subchronic social defeat stress, which might influence cardiac fibrosis in sCSDS mice. In conclusion, several pathological features such as increased cardiac fibrosis and elevated plasma putrefactive substances were found in sCSDS mice. Thus, sCSDS mice are a potential model for elucidating the pathophysiology of psychosocial stress and heart failure. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c539b0d207294e2cba78e9adf60f4f90 |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:24:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c539b0d207294e2cba78e9adf60f4f902023-11-30T22:37:24ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01242123710.3390/ijms24021237Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male MiceAtsushi Toyoda0Kina Kawakami1Yuto Amano2Hideaki Nishizawa3Shin-ichi Nakamura4Takahiro Kawase5Yuta Yoshida6Hodaka Suzuki7Takamitsu Tsukahara8Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami 300-0393, JapanDepartment of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami 300-0393, JapanDepartment of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami 300-0393, JapanDepartment of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami 300-0393, JapanLaboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime 794-8555, JapanKyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Ujitawara, Kyoto 610-0231, JapanDepartment of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami 300-0393, JapanDepartment of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami 300-0393, JapanKyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Ujitawara, Kyoto 610-0231, JapanPsychosocial stress precipitates mental illnesses, such as depression, and increases the risk of other health problems, including cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we observed the effects of psychosocial stress on the histopathological features of systemic organs and tissues in a mouse psychosocial stress model, namely the subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model. There were several pathological findings in the tissues of both sCSDS and control mice. Mild fibrosis of the heart was observed in sCSDS mice but not in control mice. Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and hemorrhage in the lungs were observed in both the control and sCSDS mice. Focal necrosis of the liver was seen only in control mice. Furthermore, putrefactive substances in the blood plasma were analyzed because these metabolites originating from intestinal fermentation might be linked to heart fibrosis. Among them, plasma <i>p</i>-cresyl glucuronide and <i>p</i>-cresyl sulfate concentrations significantly increased owing to subchronic social defeat stress, which might influence cardiac fibrosis in sCSDS mice. In conclusion, several pathological features such as increased cardiac fibrosis and elevated plasma putrefactive substances were found in sCSDS mice. Thus, sCSDS mice are a potential model for elucidating the pathophysiology of psychosocial stress and heart failure.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1237fibrosisheartmouseputrefactive metabolitesocial defeatstress |
| spellingShingle | Atsushi Toyoda Kina Kawakami Yuto Amano Hideaki Nishizawa Shin-ichi Nakamura Takahiro Kawase Yuta Yoshida Hodaka Suzuki Takamitsu Tsukahara Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male Mice International Journal of Molecular Sciences fibrosis heart mouse putrefactive metabolite social defeat stress |
| title | Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male Mice |
| title_full | Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male Mice |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male Mice |
| title_short | Impacts of Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress on Plasma Putrefactive Metabolites and Cardiovascular Structure in Male Mice |
| title_sort | impacts of subchronic and mild social defeat stress on plasma putrefactive metabolites and cardiovascular structure in male mice |
| topic | fibrosis heart mouse putrefactive metabolite social defeat stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1237 |
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