49502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES
ABSTRACT IMPACT: This research suggests that African American and Latinx smokers who bear a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related harms are able to switch to e-cigarettes that present reduced harm to the user due to their similar reinforcement profile to cigarettes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Complete s...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Translational Science |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059866121006221/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1811155312156082176 |
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| author | Eleanor Leavens Nicole Nollen Jasjit Ahluwalia Matthew Mayo Myra Rice Emma Brett Kim Pulvers |
| author_facet | Eleanor Leavens Nicole Nollen Jasjit Ahluwalia Matthew Mayo Myra Rice Emma Brett Kim Pulvers |
| author_sort | Eleanor Leavens |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT IMPACT: This research suggests that African American and Latinx smokers who bear a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related harms are able to switch to e-cigarettes that present reduced harm to the user due to their similar reinforcement profile to cigarettes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Complete switching from combustible to electronic cigarettes (ECs) reduces harm to the user. For ECs to be a viable substitute, they need to be rewarding enough for regular use, indicated by factors such as craving and dependence (reinforcement value). Little is known about short-term changes in reinforcement value across trajectories of EC use. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants were randomized 2:1 to switch to a nicotine salt pod system EC or continue smoking (assessment-only control) in a 6-week trial. 114 African American (n=60) and Latinx (n=54) smokers were randomized to receive ECs and are included in the current investigation. At week 6, participants were classified by use trajectory: exclusive smokers (n=16), exclusive EC users (n=32), or dual users (n=66). Participants reported on their EC, cigarette, and total nicotine dependence (cigarette + EC dependence), cigarette and EC use, and nicotine craving and withdrawal at baseline and week 6. Cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide were assessed at baseline and week 6. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants who completely switched from smoking to ECs (exclusive EC users) and those that partially switched (dual users), maintained cotinine levels (ps>.05) and showed reductions in cigarette dependence and withdrawal (ps<.01). However, exclusive EC users showed no significant changes in total nicotine dependence from baseline to week 6 (p=.123), while dual users showed increased total nicotine dependence (p<.001). Dual users displayed similar levels of EC dependence as exclusive EC users but a lesser reduction in cigarette dependence. Exclusive EC users and dual users showed reductions in craving and withdrawal from baseline to week 6. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This study is among the first to prospectively examine changes in dependence, craving, and withdrawal among an understudied sample of smokers making a switch attempt. Smokers who completely switch to ECs maintain nicotine levels and dependence, suggesting that they have a similar reinforcement profile to cigarettes and facilitate switching. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:32:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c541037db6b64ccdba802abe0175f662 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2059-8661 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:32:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Translational Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c541037db6b64ccdba802abe0175f6622023-03-10T07:52:04ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Clinical and Translational Science2059-86612021-03-015858610.1017/cts.2021.62249502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTESEleanor Leavens0Nicole Nollen1Jasjit Ahluwalia2Matthew Mayo3Myra Rice4Emma Brett5Kim Pulvers6University of Kansas Medical CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterBrown UniversityUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterCalifornia State University San MarcosUniversity of ChicagoCalifornia State University San MarcosABSTRACT IMPACT: This research suggests that African American and Latinx smokers who bear a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related harms are able to switch to e-cigarettes that present reduced harm to the user due to their similar reinforcement profile to cigarettes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Complete switching from combustible to electronic cigarettes (ECs) reduces harm to the user. For ECs to be a viable substitute, they need to be rewarding enough for regular use, indicated by factors such as craving and dependence (reinforcement value). Little is known about short-term changes in reinforcement value across trajectories of EC use. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants were randomized 2:1 to switch to a nicotine salt pod system EC or continue smoking (assessment-only control) in a 6-week trial. 114 African American (n=60) and Latinx (n=54) smokers were randomized to receive ECs and are included in the current investigation. At week 6, participants were classified by use trajectory: exclusive smokers (n=16), exclusive EC users (n=32), or dual users (n=66). Participants reported on their EC, cigarette, and total nicotine dependence (cigarette + EC dependence), cigarette and EC use, and nicotine craving and withdrawal at baseline and week 6. Cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide were assessed at baseline and week 6. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants who completely switched from smoking to ECs (exclusive EC users) and those that partially switched (dual users), maintained cotinine levels (ps>.05) and showed reductions in cigarette dependence and withdrawal (ps<.01). However, exclusive EC users showed no significant changes in total nicotine dependence from baseline to week 6 (p=.123), while dual users showed increased total nicotine dependence (p<.001). Dual users displayed similar levels of EC dependence as exclusive EC users but a lesser reduction in cigarette dependence. Exclusive EC users and dual users showed reductions in craving and withdrawal from baseline to week 6. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This study is among the first to prospectively examine changes in dependence, craving, and withdrawal among an understudied sample of smokers making a switch attempt. Smokers who completely switch to ECs maintain nicotine levels and dependence, suggesting that they have a similar reinforcement profile to cigarettes and facilitate switching.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059866121006221/type/journal_article |
| spellingShingle | Eleanor Leavens Nicole Nollen Jasjit Ahluwalia Matthew Mayo Myra Rice Emma Brett Kim Pulvers 49502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES Journal of Clinical and Translational Science |
| title | 49502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES |
| title_full | 49502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES |
| title_fullStr | 49502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES |
| title_full_unstemmed | 49502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES |
| title_short | 49502 CHANGES IN DEPENDENCE, WITHDRAWAL, AND CRAVING AMONG ADULT SMOKERS WHO SWITCH TO NICOTINE SALT POD-BASED E-CIGARETTES |
| title_sort | 49502 changes in dependence withdrawal and craving among adult smokers who switch to nicotine salt pod based e cigarettes |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2059866121006221/type/journal_article |
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