Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest
<p>The knowledge of the dynamics of sub-3 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles in the atmosphere is crucial for our understanding of the first steps of atmospheric new particle formation. Therefore, accurate and stable long-term measurements of the smallest at...
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| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/695/2021/acp-21-695-2021.pdf |
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| author | J. Sulo N. Sarnela J. Kontkanen L. Ahonen P. Paasonen T. Laurila T. Jokinen J. Kangasluoma J. Kangasluoma H. Junninen H. Junninen M. Sipilä T. Petäjä M. Kulmala M. Kulmala K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo |
| author_facet | J. Sulo N. Sarnela J. Kontkanen L. Ahonen P. Paasonen T. Laurila T. Jokinen J. Kangasluoma J. Kangasluoma H. Junninen H. Junninen M. Sipilä T. Petäjä M. Kulmala M. Kulmala K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo |
| author_sort | J. Sulo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The knowledge of the dynamics of sub-3 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles in the
atmosphere is crucial for our understanding of the first steps of atmospheric new particle formation. Therefore, accurate and stable long-term measurements of the smallest atmospheric particles are needed. In this study, we analyzed over 5 years of particle concentrations in size
classes 1.1–1.7 and 1.7–2.5 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> obtained with the particle size
magnifier (PSM) and 3 years of precursor vapor concentrations measured
with the chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight
mass spectrometer (CI-APi-ToF) at the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä,
Finland. The results show that there are significant seasonal differences in median concentrations of sub-3 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles, but the two size classes behave partly differently. The 1.1–1.7 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particle concentrations are highest in summer, while the 1.7–2.5 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particle concentrations are highest in springtime. The 1.7–2.5 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles exhibit a daytime maximum in all seasons, while the 1.1–1.7 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles have an additional evening maximum during spring and summer. Aerosol precursor vapors have notable diurnal and seasonal differences as well. Sulfuric acid and highly oxygenated organic molecule (HOM) monomer concentrations have clear daytime maxima, while HOM dimers have their maxima during the night. HOM concentrations for both monomers and dimers are the highest during summer and the lowest during winter following the biogenic activity in the surrounding forest. Sulfuric acid concentrations are the highest during spring and summer, with autumn and winter concentrations being 2 to 3 times lower. A correlation analysis between the sub-3 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> concentrations and aerosol precursor vapor concentrations indicates that both HOMs (particularly their dimers) and sulfuric acid play a significant role in new particle formation in the boreal forest. Our analysis also suggests that there might be seasonal differences in new particle formation pathways that need to be investigated further.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:58:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c54872b6c0974d67b4a349ba3a62d1db |
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| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T06:58:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c54872b6c0974d67b4a349ba3a62d1db2022-12-21T21:59:21ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-01-012169571510.5194/acp-21-695-2021Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forestJ. Sulo0N. Sarnela1J. Kontkanen2L. Ahonen3P. Paasonen4T. Laurila5T. Jokinen6J. Kangasluoma7J. Kangasluoma8H. Junninen9H. Junninen10M. Sipilä11T. Petäjä12M. Kulmala13M. Kulmala14K. Lehtipalo15K. Lehtipalo16Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandLaboratory of Environmental Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandAerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland<p>The knowledge of the dynamics of sub-3 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles in the atmosphere is crucial for our understanding of the first steps of atmospheric new particle formation. Therefore, accurate and stable long-term measurements of the smallest atmospheric particles are needed. In this study, we analyzed over 5 years of particle concentrations in size classes 1.1–1.7 and 1.7–2.5 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> obtained with the particle size magnifier (PSM) and 3 years of precursor vapor concentrations measured with the chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-APi-ToF) at the SMEAR II station in Hyytiälä, Finland. The results show that there are significant seasonal differences in median concentrations of sub-3 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles, but the two size classes behave partly differently. The 1.1–1.7 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particle concentrations are highest in summer, while the 1.7–2.5 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particle concentrations are highest in springtime. The 1.7–2.5 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles exhibit a daytime maximum in all seasons, while the 1.1–1.7 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> particles have an additional evening maximum during spring and summer. Aerosol precursor vapors have notable diurnal and seasonal differences as well. Sulfuric acid and highly oxygenated organic molecule (HOM) monomer concentrations have clear daytime maxima, while HOM dimers have their maxima during the night. HOM concentrations for both monomers and dimers are the highest during summer and the lowest during winter following the biogenic activity in the surrounding forest. Sulfuric acid concentrations are the highest during spring and summer, with autumn and winter concentrations being 2 to 3 times lower. A correlation analysis between the sub-3 <span class="inline-formula">nm</span> concentrations and aerosol precursor vapor concentrations indicates that both HOMs (particularly their dimers) and sulfuric acid play a significant role in new particle formation in the boreal forest. Our analysis also suggests that there might be seasonal differences in new particle formation pathways that need to be investigated further.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/695/2021/acp-21-695-2021.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. Sulo N. Sarnela J. Kontkanen L. Ahonen P. Paasonen T. Laurila T. Jokinen J. Kangasluoma J. Kangasluoma H. Junninen H. Junninen M. Sipilä T. Petäjä M. Kulmala M. Kulmala K. Lehtipalo K. Lehtipalo Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest |
| title_full | Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest |
| title_fullStr | Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest |
| title_short | Long-term measurement of sub-3 nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest |
| title_sort | long term measurement of sub 3 thinsp nm particles and their precursor gases in the boreal forest |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/695/2021/acp-21-695-2021.pdf |
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