| Summary: | Mutualistic association can improve a plant’s health and productivity. G-type lectin receptor-like kinase (PtLecRLK1) is a susceptibility factor in <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> that permits root colonization by a beneficial fungus, <i>Laccaria bicolor</i>. Engineering PtLecRLK1 also permits <i>L. bicolor</i> root colonization in non-host plants similar to <i>Populus trichocarpa</i>. The intracellular signaling reprogramed by PtLecRLK1 upon recognition of <i>L. bicolor</i> to allow for the development and maintenance of symbiosis is yet to be determined. In this study, phosphoproteomics was utilized to identify phosphorylation-based relevant signaling pathways associated with <i>PtLecRLK1</i> recognition of <i>L. bicolor</i> in transgenic switchgrass roots. Our finding shows that <i>PtLecRLK1</i> in transgenic plants modifies the chitin-triggered plant defense and MAPK signaling along with a significant adjustment in phytohormone signaling, ROS balance, endocytosis, cytoskeleton movement, and proteasomal degradation in order to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of <i>L. bicolor</i> colonization. Moreover, protein–protein interaction data implicate a cGMP-dependent protein kinase as a potential substrate of <i>PtLecRLK1</i>.
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