SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients
Introduction:Considering the inconsistent results regarding the association between the severity and duration of olfactory dysfunction (OD), and the viral load in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we aimed to conduct this study. Materials and Methods:This is a prospective cohort study in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_22943_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf |
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| author | Ali Goljanian Tabrizi Maliheh Mohseni Ashjerdi Matin Ghazizadeh Majid Maleki |
| author_facet | Ali Goljanian Tabrizi Maliheh Mohseni Ashjerdi Matin Ghazizadeh Majid Maleki |
| author_sort | Ali Goljanian Tabrizi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction:Considering the inconsistent results regarding the association between the severity and duration of olfactory dysfunction (OD), and the viral load in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we aimed to conduct this study. Materials and Methods:This is a prospective cohort study in which COVID-19 patients were evaluated for the initial cycle threshold value (Ct values) measured by the nasopharyngeal samples along with olfactory function measured by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) within 2 months of COVID-19 onset.Results:Among 309 COVID-19 patients who were included in this study, 108 (34.9%), 112 (36.2%) and 89 (28.8%) were normosmic, hyposmic, and anosmic, respectively based on the UPSIT. The severity of COVID-19 and the rate of hospitalization were higher in anosmic patients (p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). Moreover, significant associations between the initial Ct value and the severity of OD at admission and follow-ups were detected (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Anosmic patients had higher Ct values in comparison with hyposmic (approx. 3-fold) and normosmic (approx. 12-fold) patients. The recovery rate after one- and two-month follow-ups was 47% and 84%, respectively. At the follow-ups, OD-recovered patients significantly had lower Ct values (mean Ct value: 27.79 ± 2 and 28.21 ± 2.08) in comparison with those who have not recovered yet (mean Ct value: 30.19 ± 3.36, and 33.6 ± 3.37) (p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively).Conclusions:Ct value seems to be a significant factor not only in predicting OD severity in COVID-19 patients but also in the OD recovery duration. This finding may be helpful to investigate the underlying mechanisms of OD in COVID-19 patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:50:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c54edb8eb1ed419dab0063f144bf60c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2251-7251 2251-726X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:50:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c54edb8eb1ed419dab0063f144bf60c32023-09-26T09:02:36ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology2251-72512251-726X2023-09-0135526327210.22038/ijorl.2023.71462.342922943SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 PatientsAli Goljanian Tabrizi0Maliheh Mohseni Ashjerdi1Matin Ghazizadeh2Majid Maleki3Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran.Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran.Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran.Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran.Introduction:Considering the inconsistent results regarding the association between the severity and duration of olfactory dysfunction (OD), and the viral load in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we aimed to conduct this study. Materials and Methods:This is a prospective cohort study in which COVID-19 patients were evaluated for the initial cycle threshold value (Ct values) measured by the nasopharyngeal samples along with olfactory function measured by the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) within 2 months of COVID-19 onset.Results:Among 309 COVID-19 patients who were included in this study, 108 (34.9%), 112 (36.2%) and 89 (28.8%) were normosmic, hyposmic, and anosmic, respectively based on the UPSIT. The severity of COVID-19 and the rate of hospitalization were higher in anosmic patients (p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). Moreover, significant associations between the initial Ct value and the severity of OD at admission and follow-ups were detected (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Anosmic patients had higher Ct values in comparison with hyposmic (approx. 3-fold) and normosmic (approx. 12-fold) patients. The recovery rate after one- and two-month follow-ups was 47% and 84%, respectively. At the follow-ups, OD-recovered patients significantly had lower Ct values (mean Ct value: 27.79 ± 2 and 28.21 ± 2.08) in comparison with those who have not recovered yet (mean Ct value: 30.19 ± 3.36, and 33.6 ± 3.37) (p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively).Conclusions:Ct value seems to be a significant factor not only in predicting OD severity in COVID-19 patients but also in the OD recovery duration. This finding may be helpful to investigate the underlying mechanisms of OD in COVID-19 patients.https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_22943_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdfcovid-19cycle threshold valueolfactory impairmentsars-cov-2 infectioncoronavirus disease 2019olfaction disorders |
| spellingShingle | Ali Goljanian Tabrizi Maliheh Mohseni Ashjerdi Matin Ghazizadeh Majid Maleki SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology covid-19 cycle threshold value olfactory impairment sars-cov-2 infection coronavirus disease 2019 olfaction disorders |
| title | SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full | SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_fullStr | SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_short | SARS-Cov-2 Cycle Threshold Value and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients |
| title_sort | sars cov 2 cycle threshold value and olfactory dysfunction in covid 19 patients |
| topic | covid-19 cycle threshold value olfactory impairment sars-cov-2 infection coronavirus disease 2019 olfaction disorders |
| url | https://ijorl.mums.ac.ir/article_22943_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf |
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