Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen Assimilation
The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) proteins, a transcription factor family specific to the land plants, have been implicated in multiple biological processes including organ development, pathogen response and the uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The study focused on <i>LBD</i>s in le...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Xu Jiang Huiting Cui Zhen Wang Junmei Kang Qingchuan Yang Changhong Guo |
| author_facet | Xu Jiang Huiting Cui Zhen Wang Junmei Kang Qingchuan Yang Changhong Guo |
| author_sort | Xu Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) proteins, a transcription factor family specific to the land plants, have been implicated in multiple biological processes including organ development, pathogen response and the uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The study focused on <i>LBD</i>s in legume forage <i>Alfalfa</i>. The genome-wide analysis revealed that in <i>Alfalfa</i> 178 loci across 31 allelic chromosomes encoded 48 unique LBDs (MsLBDs), and the genome of its diploid progenitor <i>M. sativa</i> spp. <i>Caerulea</i> encoded 46 <i>LBD</i>s. Synteny analysis indicated that the expansion of <i>Alfalfa</i><i>LBD</i>s was attributed to the whole genome duplication event. The MsLBDs were divided into two major phylogenetic classes, and the LOB domain of the Class I members was highly conserved relative to that of the Class II. The transcriptomic data demonstrated that 87.5% of <i>MsLBD</i>s were expressed in at least one of the six test tissues, and Class II members were preferentially expressed in nodules. Moreover, the expression of Class II <i>LBD</i>s in roots was upregulated by the treatment of inorganic nitrogen such as KNO<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl (0.3 mM). The overexpression of <i>MsLBD48</i>, a Class II member, in <i>Arabidopsis</i> resulted in growth retardance with significantly declined biomass compared with the non-transgenic plants, and the transcription level of the genes involved in nitrogen uptake or assimilation, including <i>NRT1.1</i>, <i>NRT2.1</i>, <i>NIA1</i> and <i>NIA2</i> was repressed. Therefore, the LBDs in <i>Alfalfa</i> are highly conserved with their orthologs in embryophytes. Our observations that ectopic expression of <i>MsLBD48</i> inhibited <i>Arabidopsis</i> growth by repressing nitrogen adaption suggest the negative role of the transcription factor in plant uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The findings imply the potential application of <i>MsLBD48</i> in <i>Alfalfa</i> yield improvement via gene editing. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c5527363c7b74d77ab889283215d0c812023-11-17T07:51:23ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01245464410.3390/ijms24054644Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen AssimilationXu Jiang0Huiting Cui1Zhen Wang2Junmei Kang3Qingchuan Yang4Changhong Guo5College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, ChinaThe LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) proteins, a transcription factor family specific to the land plants, have been implicated in multiple biological processes including organ development, pathogen response and the uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The study focused on <i>LBD</i>s in legume forage <i>Alfalfa</i>. The genome-wide analysis revealed that in <i>Alfalfa</i> 178 loci across 31 allelic chromosomes encoded 48 unique LBDs (MsLBDs), and the genome of its diploid progenitor <i>M. sativa</i> spp. <i>Caerulea</i> encoded 46 <i>LBD</i>s. Synteny analysis indicated that the expansion of <i>Alfalfa</i><i>LBD</i>s was attributed to the whole genome duplication event. The MsLBDs were divided into two major phylogenetic classes, and the LOB domain of the Class I members was highly conserved relative to that of the Class II. The transcriptomic data demonstrated that 87.5% of <i>MsLBD</i>s were expressed in at least one of the six test tissues, and Class II members were preferentially expressed in nodules. Moreover, the expression of Class II <i>LBD</i>s in roots was upregulated by the treatment of inorganic nitrogen such as KNO<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl (0.3 mM). The overexpression of <i>MsLBD48</i>, a Class II member, in <i>Arabidopsis</i> resulted in growth retardance with significantly declined biomass compared with the non-transgenic plants, and the transcription level of the genes involved in nitrogen uptake or assimilation, including <i>NRT1.1</i>, <i>NRT2.1</i>, <i>NIA1</i> and <i>NIA2</i> was repressed. Therefore, the LBDs in <i>Alfalfa</i> are highly conserved with their orthologs in embryophytes. Our observations that ectopic expression of <i>MsLBD48</i> inhibited <i>Arabidopsis</i> growth by repressing nitrogen adaption suggest the negative role of the transcription factor in plant uptake of inorganic nitrogen. The findings imply the potential application of <i>MsLBD48</i> in <i>Alfalfa</i> yield improvement via gene editing.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4644<i>Alfalfa</i><i>LBD</i> gene familyevolutionary relationshipexpression profilesnitrogen response |
| spellingShingle | Xu Jiang Huiting Cui Zhen Wang Junmei Kang Qingchuan Yang Changhong Guo Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen Assimilation International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Alfalfa</i> <i>LBD</i> gene family evolutionary relationship expression profiles nitrogen response |
| title | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen Assimilation |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen Assimilation |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen Assimilation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen Assimilation |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain</i> (<i>LBD</i>) Members in Alfalfa and the Involvement of <i>MsLBD48</i> in Nitrogen Assimilation |
| title_sort | genome wide analysis of the i lateral organ boundaries domain i i lbd i members in alfalfa and the involvement of i mslbd48 i in nitrogen assimilation |
| topic | <i>Alfalfa</i> <i>LBD</i> gene family evolutionary relationship expression profiles nitrogen response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4644 |
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