Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland Europe
Abstract Susceptibility to prion diseases is largely determined by the sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP), which encodes the prion protein (PrP). The recent emergence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Europe has highlighted the need to investigate PRNP gene diversity in European deer specie...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Research |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-019-0675-6 |
| _version_ | 1818296240796860416 |
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| author | Amy L. Robinson Helen Williamson Mariella E. Güere Helene Tharaldsen Karis Baker Stephanie L. Smith Sílvia Pérez-Espona Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová Josephine M. Pemberton Wilfred Goldmann Fiona Houston |
| author_facet | Amy L. Robinson Helen Williamson Mariella E. Güere Helene Tharaldsen Karis Baker Stephanie L. Smith Sílvia Pérez-Espona Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová Josephine M. Pemberton Wilfred Goldmann Fiona Houston |
| author_sort | Amy L. Robinson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Susceptibility to prion diseases is largely determined by the sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP), which encodes the prion protein (PrP). The recent emergence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Europe has highlighted the need to investigate PRNP gene diversity in European deer species, to better predict their susceptibility to CWD. Here we report a large genetic survey of six British deer species, including red (Cervus elaphus), sika (Cervus nippon), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fallow (Dama dama), muntjac (Muntiacus reevesii), and Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis), which establishes PRNP haplotype and genotype frequencies. Two smaller data sets from red deer in Norway and the Czech Republic are also included for comparison. Overall red deer show the most PRNP variation, with non-synonymous/coding polymorphisms at codons 98, 168, 226 and 247, which vary markedly in frequency between different regions. Polymorphisms P168S and I247L were only found in Scottish and Czech populations, respectively. T98A was found in all populations except Norway and the south of England. Significant regional differences in genotype frequencies were observed within both British and European red deer populations. Other deer species showed less variation, particularly roe and fallow deer, in which identical PRNP gene sequences were found in all individuals analysed. Based on comparison with PRNP sequences of North American cervids affected by CWD and limited experimental challenge data, these results suggest that a high proportion of wild deer in Great Britain may be susceptible to CWD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T04:00:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c55d70b18c544a28b2c22cb17a46c220 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T04:00:24Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-c55d70b18c544a28b2c22cb17a46c2202022-12-22T00:00:30ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162019-07-0150111010.1186/s13567-019-0675-6Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland EuropeAmy L. Robinson0Helen Williamson1Mariella E. Güere2Helene Tharaldsen3Karis Baker4Stephanie L. Smith5Sílvia Pérez-Espona6Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová7Josephine M. Pemberton8Wilfred Goldmann9Fiona Houston10Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghDivision of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineNorwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Biosciences, Durham UniversityThe Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghDivision of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghInstitute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of EdinburghDivision of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghDivision of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghAbstract Susceptibility to prion diseases is largely determined by the sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP), which encodes the prion protein (PrP). The recent emergence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Europe has highlighted the need to investigate PRNP gene diversity in European deer species, to better predict their susceptibility to CWD. Here we report a large genetic survey of six British deer species, including red (Cervus elaphus), sika (Cervus nippon), roe (Capreolus capreolus), fallow (Dama dama), muntjac (Muntiacus reevesii), and Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis), which establishes PRNP haplotype and genotype frequencies. Two smaller data sets from red deer in Norway and the Czech Republic are also included for comparison. Overall red deer show the most PRNP variation, with non-synonymous/coding polymorphisms at codons 98, 168, 226 and 247, which vary markedly in frequency between different regions. Polymorphisms P168S and I247L were only found in Scottish and Czech populations, respectively. T98A was found in all populations except Norway and the south of England. Significant regional differences in genotype frequencies were observed within both British and European red deer populations. Other deer species showed less variation, particularly roe and fallow deer, in which identical PRNP gene sequences were found in all individuals analysed. Based on comparison with PRNP sequences of North American cervids affected by CWD and limited experimental challenge data, these results suggest that a high proportion of wild deer in Great Britain may be susceptible to CWD.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-019-0675-6 |
| spellingShingle | Amy L. Robinson Helen Williamson Mariella E. Güere Helene Tharaldsen Karis Baker Stephanie L. Smith Sílvia Pérez-Espona Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová Josephine M. Pemberton Wilfred Goldmann Fiona Houston Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland Europe Veterinary Research |
| title | Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland Europe |
| title_full | Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland Europe |
| title_fullStr | Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland Europe |
| title_short | Variation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) sequence of wild deer in Great Britain and mainland Europe |
| title_sort | variation in the prion protein gene prnp sequence of wild deer in great britain and mainland europe |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-019-0675-6 |
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