Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and Germination
The IQ67 Domain (<i>IQD</i>) gene family plays important roles in plant developmental processes and stress responses. Although IQDs have been characterized in model plants, little is known about their functions in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), especially their roles in th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4093 |
| _version_ | 1797446034100584448 |
|---|---|
| author | Mingli Liu Zhuofan Wang Chenchen Wang Xu Pan Wei Gao Shengnan Yan Jiajia Cao Jie Lu Cheng Chang Chuanxi Ma Haiping Zhang |
| author_facet | Mingli Liu Zhuofan Wang Chenchen Wang Xu Pan Wei Gao Shengnan Yan Jiajia Cao Jie Lu Cheng Chang Chuanxi Ma Haiping Zhang |
| author_sort | Mingli Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The IQ67 Domain (<i>IQD</i>) gene family plays important roles in plant developmental processes and stress responses. Although IQDs have been characterized in model plants, little is known about their functions in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), especially their roles in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Here, we identified 73 members of the <i>IQD</i> gene family from the wheat genome and phylogenetically separated them into six major groups. Gene structure and conserved domain analyses suggested that most members of each group had similar structures. A chromosome positional analysis showed that <i>TaIQDs</i> were unevenly located on 18 wheat chromosomes. A synteny analysis indicated that segmental duplications played significant roles in <i>TaIQD</i> expansion, and that the <i>IQD</i> gene family underwent strong purifying selection during evolution. Furthermore, a large number of hormone, light, and abiotic stress response elements were discovered in the promoters of <i>TaIQDs</i>, implying their functional diversity. Microarray data for 50 <i>TaIQDs</i> showed different expression levels in 13 wheat tissues. Transcriptome data and a quantitative real-time PCR analysis of wheat varieties with contrasting seed dormancy and germination phenotypes further revealed that seven genes (<i>TaIQD4</i>/<i>-28</i>/<i>-32</i>/<i>-58</i>/<i>-64</i>/<i>-69</i>/<i>-71</i>) likely participated in seed dormancy and germination through the abscisic acid-signaling pathway. The study results provide valuable information for cloning and a functional investigation of candidate genes controlling wheat seed dormancy and germination; consequently, they increase our understanding of the complex regulatory networks affecting these two traits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:34:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5651a0277b449a49cef6a2ce5099f13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:34:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5651a0277b449a49cef6a2ce5099f132023-11-30T21:14:00ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-04-01238409310.3390/ijms23084093Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and GerminationMingli Liu0Zhuofan Wang1Chenchen Wang2Xu Pan3Wei Gao4Shengnan Yan5Jiajia Cao6Jie Lu7Cheng Chang8Chuanxi Ma9Haiping Zhang10State Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaThe IQ67 Domain (<i>IQD</i>) gene family plays important roles in plant developmental processes and stress responses. Although IQDs have been characterized in model plants, little is known about their functions in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), especially their roles in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Here, we identified 73 members of the <i>IQD</i> gene family from the wheat genome and phylogenetically separated them into six major groups. Gene structure and conserved domain analyses suggested that most members of each group had similar structures. A chromosome positional analysis showed that <i>TaIQDs</i> were unevenly located on 18 wheat chromosomes. A synteny analysis indicated that segmental duplications played significant roles in <i>TaIQD</i> expansion, and that the <i>IQD</i> gene family underwent strong purifying selection during evolution. Furthermore, a large number of hormone, light, and abiotic stress response elements were discovered in the promoters of <i>TaIQDs</i>, implying their functional diversity. Microarray data for 50 <i>TaIQDs</i> showed different expression levels in 13 wheat tissues. Transcriptome data and a quantitative real-time PCR analysis of wheat varieties with contrasting seed dormancy and germination phenotypes further revealed that seven genes (<i>TaIQD4</i>/<i>-28</i>/<i>-32</i>/<i>-58</i>/<i>-64</i>/<i>-69</i>/<i>-71</i>) likely participated in seed dormancy and germination through the abscisic acid-signaling pathway. The study results provide valuable information for cloning and a functional investigation of candidate genes controlling wheat seed dormancy and germination; consequently, they increase our understanding of the complex regulatory networks affecting these two traits.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4093expression analysis<i>IQD</i> genesseed dormancy and germinationwheat |
| spellingShingle | Mingli Liu Zhuofan Wang Chenchen Wang Xu Pan Wei Gao Shengnan Yan Jiajia Cao Jie Lu Cheng Chang Chuanxi Ma Haiping Zhang Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and Germination International Journal of Molecular Sciences expression analysis <i>IQD</i> genes seed dormancy and germination wheat |
| title | Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and Germination |
| title_full | Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and Germination |
| title_fullStr | Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and Germination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and Germination |
| title_short | Identification of the Wheat (<i>Triticum</i> <i>aestivum</i>) <i>IQD</i> Gene Family and an Expression Analysis of Candidate Genes Associated with Seed Dormancy and Germination |
| title_sort | identification of the wheat i triticum i i aestivum i i iqd i gene family and an expression analysis of candidate genes associated with seed dormancy and germination |
| topic | expression analysis <i>IQD</i> genes seed dormancy and germination wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4093 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingliliu identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT zhuofanwang identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT chenchenwang identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT xupan identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT weigao identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT shengnanyan identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT jiajiacao identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT jielu identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT chengchang identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT chuanxima identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination AT haipingzhang identificationofthewheatitriticumiiaestivumiiiqdigenefamilyandanexpressionanalysisofcandidategenesassociatedwithseeddormancyandgermination |