Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case Study
This work presents the results of a study that used a model based on rough set theory (RST) to assess the brine temperature of vertical ground heat exchangers (VGHEs) to feed heat pumps (HP). The purpose of this research was to replace costly brine temperature measurements with a more efficient appr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7182 |
| _version_ | 1797573990700548096 |
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| author | Joanna Piotrowska-Woroniak Tomasz Szul Grzegorz Woroniak |
| author_facet | Joanna Piotrowska-Woroniak Tomasz Szul Grzegorz Woroniak |
| author_sort | Joanna Piotrowska-Woroniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work presents the results of a study that used a model based on rough set theory (RST) to assess the brine temperature of vertical ground heat exchangers (VGHEs) to feed heat pumps (HP). The purpose of this research was to replace costly brine temperature measurements with a more efficient approach. The object of this study was a public utility building located in Poland in a temperate continental climate. The building is equipped with a heating system using a brine–water HP installation with a total capacity of 234.4 kW, where the lower heat source consists of 52 vertical ground probes with a total length of 5200 m. The research was conducted during the heating season of 2018/2019. Based on the data, the heat energy production was determined, and the efficiency of the system was assessed. To predict the brine temperature from the lower heat source, a model based on RST was applied, which allows for the analysis of general, uncertain, and imprecise data. Weather data, such as air temperature, solar radiation intensity, degree days of the heating season, and thermal energy consumption in the building, were used for the analysis. The constructed model was tested on a test dataset. This model achieved good results with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (<i>MAPE</i>) of 12.2%, a Coefficient of Variation Root Mean Square Error (<i>CV RMSE</i>) of 14.76%, a Mean Bias Error (<i>MBE</i>) of −1.3%, and an R-squared (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) value of 0.98, indicating its usefulness in estimating brine temperature. These studies suggest that the described method can be useful in other buildings with HP systems and may contribute to improving the efficiency and safety of these systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:16:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5664e2de91249ffae21fb3a8267477c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:16:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5664e2de91249ffae21fb3a8267477c2023-11-19T16:23:21ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-10-011620718210.3390/en16207182Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case StudyJoanna Piotrowska-Woroniak0Tomasz Szul1Grzegorz Woroniak2Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Department, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandFaculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture, Balicka 116 B, 30-149 Krakow, PolandHeating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Department, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandThis work presents the results of a study that used a model based on rough set theory (RST) to assess the brine temperature of vertical ground heat exchangers (VGHEs) to feed heat pumps (HP). The purpose of this research was to replace costly brine temperature measurements with a more efficient approach. The object of this study was a public utility building located in Poland in a temperate continental climate. The building is equipped with a heating system using a brine–water HP installation with a total capacity of 234.4 kW, where the lower heat source consists of 52 vertical ground probes with a total length of 5200 m. The research was conducted during the heating season of 2018/2019. Based on the data, the heat energy production was determined, and the efficiency of the system was assessed. To predict the brine temperature from the lower heat source, a model based on RST was applied, which allows for the analysis of general, uncertain, and imprecise data. Weather data, such as air temperature, solar radiation intensity, degree days of the heating season, and thermal energy consumption in the building, were used for the analysis. The constructed model was tested on a test dataset. This model achieved good results with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (<i>MAPE</i>) of 12.2%, a Coefficient of Variation Root Mean Square Error (<i>CV RMSE</i>) of 14.76%, a Mean Bias Error (<i>MBE</i>) of −1.3%, and an R-squared (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) value of 0.98, indicating its usefulness in estimating brine temperature. These studies suggest that the described method can be useful in other buildings with HP systems and may contribute to improving the efficiency and safety of these systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7182heating system energy efficiencyvertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE)bottom heat source temperatureforecasting model (RST)heat pump (HP) |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Piotrowska-Woroniak Tomasz Szul Grzegorz Woroniak Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case Study Energies heating system energy efficiency vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE) bottom heat source temperature forecasting model (RST) heat pump (HP) |
| title | Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case Study |
| title_full | Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case Study |
| title_short | Application of a Model Based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for Estimating the Temperature of Brine from Vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (VGHE) Operated with a Heat Pump—A Case Study |
| title_sort | application of a model based on rough set theory rst for estimating the temperature of brine from vertical ground heat exchangers vghe operated with a heat pump a case study |
| topic | heating system energy efficiency vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE) bottom heat source temperature forecasting model (RST) heat pump (HP) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/20/7182 |
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