Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice
Background and aim: Garlic essential oil (GEO) isolated from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) exerts biological activities in disease prevention, particularly in metabolic and liver diseases, and is used for a dietary therapy for centuries. However, due to the side effects associated with the excessive co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411022000451 |
| _version_ | 1828164659948027904 |
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| author | Yu-En Lin Meng-Hsuan Lin Ti-Yen Yeh Yi-Syuan Lai Kuan-Hung Lu Huai-Syuan Huang Fu-Chuo Peng Shing-Hwa Liu Lee-Yan Sheen |
| author_facet | Yu-En Lin Meng-Hsuan Lin Ti-Yen Yeh Yi-Syuan Lai Kuan-Hung Lu Huai-Syuan Huang Fu-Chuo Peng Shing-Hwa Liu Lee-Yan Sheen |
| author_sort | Yu-En Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and aim: Garlic essential oil (GEO) isolated from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) exerts biological activities in disease prevention, particularly in metabolic and liver diseases, and is used for a dietary therapy for centuries. However, due to the side effects associated with the excessive consumption of GEO, there is a need to evaluate the safety of the GEO. Experimental procedure: Ames test using five Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO–K1) cells with or without metabolic activation (S9 system), and mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test were used to assess the genotoxicity and clastogenic effects of GEO. A repeated dose of GEO (15, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) were administrated to ICR mice for 28 days to ascertain the subacute toxicity of GEO. Results and conclusions: The results of the Ames test with or without S9 system indicated that GEO did not induce mutagenicity nor have clastogenic effects in CHO–K1 cells with or without S9 activation. Furthermore, GEO did not affect the ratio of immature to total erythrocytes or the number of micronuclei in immature erythrocytes of ICR mice after 24 and 48 h. In a 28-day oral toxicity assessment, GEO (15, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.)-fed ICR mice exhibited normal behaviors, mortality, body weight, daily intake, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and organ weight. GEO shows no genotoxicity, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for GEO is considered to be greater than 50 mg/kg bw/day orally for 28 days in mice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:30:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c57365972ce84901997cd85848406a23 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2225-4110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T01:30:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c57365972ce84901997cd85848406a232022-12-22T03:53:31ZengElsevierJournal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine2225-41102022-11-01126536544Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in miceYu-En Lin0Meng-Hsuan Lin1Ti-Yen Yeh2Yi-Syuan Lai3Kuan-Hung Lu4Huai-Syuan Huang5Fu-Chuo Peng6Shing-Hwa Liu7Lee-Yan Sheen8Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Hotel Management and Culinary Creativity, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, TaiwanInstitute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanInstitute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.Background and aim: Garlic essential oil (GEO) isolated from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) exerts biological activities in disease prevention, particularly in metabolic and liver diseases, and is used for a dietary therapy for centuries. However, due to the side effects associated with the excessive consumption of GEO, there is a need to evaluate the safety of the GEO. Experimental procedure: Ames test using five Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO–K1) cells with or without metabolic activation (S9 system), and mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test were used to assess the genotoxicity and clastogenic effects of GEO. A repeated dose of GEO (15, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) were administrated to ICR mice for 28 days to ascertain the subacute toxicity of GEO. Results and conclusions: The results of the Ames test with or without S9 system indicated that GEO did not induce mutagenicity nor have clastogenic effects in CHO–K1 cells with or without S9 activation. Furthermore, GEO did not affect the ratio of immature to total erythrocytes or the number of micronuclei in immature erythrocytes of ICR mice after 24 and 48 h. In a 28-day oral toxicity assessment, GEO (15, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.)-fed ICR mice exhibited normal behaviors, mortality, body weight, daily intake, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and organ weight. GEO shows no genotoxicity, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for GEO is considered to be greater than 50 mg/kg bw/day orally for 28 days in mice.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411022000451Allium sativum L.Garlic essential oilSafety evaluationGenotoxicitySubacute toxicityNOAEL |
| spellingShingle | Yu-En Lin Meng-Hsuan Lin Ti-Yen Yeh Yi-Syuan Lai Kuan-Hung Lu Huai-Syuan Huang Fu-Chuo Peng Shing-Hwa Liu Lee-Yan Sheen Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Allium sativum L. Garlic essential oil Safety evaluation Genotoxicity Subacute toxicity NOAEL |
| title | Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice |
| title_full | Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice |
| title_fullStr | Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice |
| title_short | Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice |
| title_sort | genotoxicity and 28 day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice |
| topic | Allium sativum L. Garlic essential oil Safety evaluation Genotoxicity Subacute toxicity NOAEL |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411022000451 |
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