The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), one of the serious enteric diseases caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is responsible for enormous economic losses in the global swine industry. However, available commercial vaccines fail to protect pigs from PEDV infection due to the appearance o...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/458 |
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| author | Yanan Cao Shuoshuo Zhang Yanjie Huang Shuai Zhang Haifei Wang Wenbin Bao |
| author_facet | Yanan Cao Shuoshuo Zhang Yanjie Huang Shuai Zhang Haifei Wang Wenbin Bao |
| author_sort | Yanan Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), one of the serious enteric diseases caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is responsible for enormous economic losses in the global swine industry. However, available commercial vaccines fail to protect pigs from PEDV infection due to the appearance of PEDV variants. Hence, it is necessary to find an effective and cost-efficient natural product to protect pigs from PEDV infection. In this study, we first found that an aqueous leaf extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> (MOE) exhibited antiviral activity in response to PEDV infection. Furthermore, time-of-addition experiments revealed that MOE inhibited PEDV replication rather than attachment and internalization. Mechanistically, MOE significantly suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by PEDV infection, and restored glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Importantly, the addition of MOE alleviated oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in fewer apoptotic cells during PEDV infection. These results indicated that MOE might be an effective anti-PEDV drug used to control PED disease and may be helpful in developing a new prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PEDV. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:48:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5807e65526e4283a35222391233b588 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:48:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5807e65526e4283a35222391233b5882023-11-23T18:25:25ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-02-0112445810.3390/ani12040458The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated ApoptosisYanan Cao0Shuoshuo Zhang1Yanjie Huang2Shuai Zhang3Haifei Wang4Wenbin Bao5Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaKey Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaPorcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), one of the serious enteric diseases caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is responsible for enormous economic losses in the global swine industry. However, available commercial vaccines fail to protect pigs from PEDV infection due to the appearance of PEDV variants. Hence, it is necessary to find an effective and cost-efficient natural product to protect pigs from PEDV infection. In this study, we first found that an aqueous leaf extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> (MOE) exhibited antiviral activity in response to PEDV infection. Furthermore, time-of-addition experiments revealed that MOE inhibited PEDV replication rather than attachment and internalization. Mechanistically, MOE significantly suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) induced by PEDV infection, and restored glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Importantly, the addition of MOE alleviated oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and resulted in fewer apoptotic cells during PEDV infection. These results indicated that MOE might be an effective anti-PEDV drug used to control PED disease and may be helpful in developing a new prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PEDV.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/458PEDV replicationaqueous leaf extract of <i>M. oleifera</i>oxidative stressapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Yanan Cao Shuoshuo Zhang Yanjie Huang Shuai Zhang Haifei Wang Wenbin Bao The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis Animals PEDV replication aqueous leaf extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> oxidative stress apoptosis |
| title | The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis |
| title_full | The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis |
| title_fullStr | The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis |
| title_short | The Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> Inhibits PEDV Replication through Suppressing Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis |
| title_sort | aqueous leaf extract of i m oleifera i inhibits pedv replication through suppressing oxidative stress mediated apoptosis |
| topic | PEDV replication aqueous leaf extract of <i>M. oleifera</i> oxidative stress apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/4/458 |
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