Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study
Background: The importance of early diagnosis of pediatric malocclusion and early intervention has been emphasized. Without use of radiation, 3D imaging holds the potential to be an alternative for evaluating facial features in school-aged populations. Methods: Students aged 9 and 10 years were recr...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/15/5017 |
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| author | Gloria Chen Emma Yuh-Jia Hsieh Shih-Heng Chen Betty C. J. Pai Ching-Yen Tsai Sheng-Wei Wang Pang-Yun Chou |
| author_facet | Gloria Chen Emma Yuh-Jia Hsieh Shih-Heng Chen Betty C. J. Pai Ching-Yen Tsai Sheng-Wei Wang Pang-Yun Chou |
| author_sort | Gloria Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The importance of early diagnosis of pediatric malocclusion and early intervention has been emphasized. Without use of radiation, 3D imaging holds the potential to be an alternative for evaluating facial features in school-aged populations. Methods: Students aged 9 and 10 years were recruited. We performed annual 3D stereophotogrammetry of the participants’ heads. A total of 37 recognizable anatomical landmarks were identified for linear, angular, and asymmetric analyses using the MATLAB program. Results: This study included 139 healthy Taiwanese children with a mean age of 9.13, of whom 74 had class I occlusion, 50 had class II malocclusion, and 15 had class III malocclusion. The class III group had lower soft-tissue convexity (<i>p</i> = 0.01) than the class II group. The boys with class II malocclusion had greater dimensions in the anteroposterior position of the mid-face (<i>p</i> = 0.024) at age 10. Overall asymmetry showed no significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Heat maps of the 3D models exhibited asymmetry in the mid-face of the class II group and in the lower face of the class III group. Conclusion: Various types of malocclusion exhibited distinct facial traits in preadolescents. Those with class II malocclusion had a protruded maxilla and convex facial profile, whereas those with class III malocclusion had a less convex facial profile. Asymmetry was noted in facial areas with relatively prominent soft-tissue features among different malocclusion types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:24:45Z |
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| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:24:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c59cd440708c4f39a2b54f86c9320d202023-11-18T23:08:16ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-07-011215501710.3390/jcm12155017Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT StudyGloria Chen0Emma Yuh-Jia Hsieh1Shih-Heng Chen2Betty C. J. Pai3Ching-Yen Tsai4Sheng-Wei Wang5Pang-Yun Chou6Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDivision of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDivision of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11217, TaiwanDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, TaiwanBackground: The importance of early diagnosis of pediatric malocclusion and early intervention has been emphasized. Without use of radiation, 3D imaging holds the potential to be an alternative for evaluating facial features in school-aged populations. Methods: Students aged 9 and 10 years were recruited. We performed annual 3D stereophotogrammetry of the participants’ heads. A total of 37 recognizable anatomical landmarks were identified for linear, angular, and asymmetric analyses using the MATLAB program. Results: This study included 139 healthy Taiwanese children with a mean age of 9.13, of whom 74 had class I occlusion, 50 had class II malocclusion, and 15 had class III malocclusion. The class III group had lower soft-tissue convexity (<i>p</i> = 0.01) than the class II group. The boys with class II malocclusion had greater dimensions in the anteroposterior position of the mid-face (<i>p</i> = 0.024) at age 10. Overall asymmetry showed no significance (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Heat maps of the 3D models exhibited asymmetry in the mid-face of the class II group and in the lower face of the class III group. Conclusion: Various types of malocclusion exhibited distinct facial traits in preadolescents. Those with class II malocclusion had a protruded maxilla and convex facial profile, whereas those with class III malocclusion had a less convex facial profile. Asymmetry was noted in facial areas with relatively prominent soft-tissue features among different malocclusion types.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/15/5017class II malocclusionclass III malocclusionanthropometrysymmetrypreadolescencethree-dimensional images |
| spellingShingle | Gloria Chen Emma Yuh-Jia Hsieh Shih-Heng Chen Betty C. J. Pai Ching-Yen Tsai Sheng-Wei Wang Pang-Yun Chou Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study Journal of Clinical Medicine class II malocclusion class III malocclusion anthropometry symmetry preadolescence three-dimensional images |
| title | Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study |
| title_full | Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study |
| title_fullStr | Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study |
| title_short | Occlusion-Based Three-Dimensional Craniofacial Anthropometric and Symmetric Evaluation in Preadolescences: A Comparative COHORT Study |
| title_sort | occlusion based three dimensional craniofacial anthropometric and symmetric evaluation in preadolescences a comparative cohort study |
| topic | class II malocclusion class III malocclusion anthropometry symmetry preadolescence three-dimensional images |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/15/5017 |
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