Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016
Although antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remain limited in North America. We assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC &...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/3/523 |
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| author | Maud de Lagarde John M. Fairbrother Julie Arsenault |
| author_facet | Maud de Lagarde John M. Fairbrother Julie Arsenault |
| author_sort | Maud de Lagarde |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remain limited in North America. We assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase-producing <i>E. coli</i> in healthy horses in Quebec, Canada. We collected fecal samples in 225 healthy adult horses from 32 premises. A questionnaire on facility management and horse medical history was completed for each horse. Indicator (without enrichment) and specific (following enrichment with ceftriaxone) <i>E. coli</i> were isolated and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of ESBL/AmpC genes was determined by PCR. The prevalence of isolates that were non-susceptible to antimicrobials and to antimicrobial classes were estimated at the horse and the premises level. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess potential risk factors for MDR and ESBL/AmpC isolates. The shedding of MDR <i>E. coli</i> was detected in 46.3% of horses. Non-susceptibility was most commonly observed to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or streptomycin. ESBL/AmpC producing isolates were detected in 7.3% of horses. The most commonly identified ESBL/AmpC gene was <i>bla<sub>CTX-M-1</sub></i>, although we also identified <i>bla<sub>CMY-2</sub></i>. The number of staff and equestrian event participation were identified as risk factors for shedding MDR isolates. The prevalence of healthy horses harboring MDR or ESBL/AmpC genes isolates in their intestinal microbiota is noteworthy. We identified risk factors which could help to develop guidelines to preclude their spread. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:21:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5a2d874f3564f1bb2c7f26efef9ed44 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:21:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5a2d874f3564f1bb2c7f26efef9ed442022-12-21T23:53:59ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-03-0110352310.3390/ani10030523ani10030523Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016Maud de Lagarde0John M. Fairbrother1Julie Arsenault2OIE Reference Laboratory for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S2M2, CanadaOIE Reference Laboratory for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S2M2, CanadaEpidemiology of Zoonoses and Public Health Research Unit (GREZOSP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S2M2, CanadaAlthough antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remain limited in North America. We assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase-producing <i>E. coli</i> in healthy horses in Quebec, Canada. We collected fecal samples in 225 healthy adult horses from 32 premises. A questionnaire on facility management and horse medical history was completed for each horse. Indicator (without enrichment) and specific (following enrichment with ceftriaxone) <i>E. coli</i> were isolated and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of ESBL/AmpC genes was determined by PCR. The prevalence of isolates that were non-susceptible to antimicrobials and to antimicrobial classes were estimated at the horse and the premises level. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess potential risk factors for MDR and ESBL/AmpC isolates. The shedding of MDR <i>E. coli</i> was detected in 46.3% of horses. Non-susceptibility was most commonly observed to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or streptomycin. ESBL/AmpC producing isolates were detected in 7.3% of horses. The most commonly identified ESBL/AmpC gene was <i>bla<sub>CTX-M-1</sub></i>, although we also identified <i>bla<sub>CMY-2</sub></i>. The number of staff and equestrian event participation were identified as risk factors for shedding MDR isolates. The prevalence of healthy horses harboring MDR or ESBL/AmpC genes isolates in their intestinal microbiota is noteworthy. We identified risk factors which could help to develop guidelines to preclude their spread.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/3/523antimicrobial resistancebeta-lactamasecephalosporinasemicrobiotanorth americaequine |
| spellingShingle | Maud de Lagarde John M. Fairbrother Julie Arsenault Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 Animals antimicrobial resistance beta-lactamase cephalosporinase microbiota north america equine |
| title | Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 |
| title_full | Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 |
| title_short | Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015–2016 |
| title_sort | prevalence risk factors and characterization of multidrug resistant and esbl ampc producing i escherichia coli i in healthy horses in quebec canada in 2015 2016 |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance beta-lactamase cephalosporinase microbiota north america equine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/3/523 |
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