Hard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly”
We studied the PeVatron nature of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) G75.2+0.1 (“Dragonfly”) as part of our NuSTAR observational campaign of energetic PWNe. The Dragonfly is spatially coincident with LHAASO J2018+3651, whose maximum photon energy is 0.27 PeV. We detected a compact (radius $1^{\prime} $ )...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdd5e |
| _version_ | 1797698207287869440 |
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| author | Jooyun Woo Hongjun An Joseph D. Gelfand Charles J. Hailey Kaya Mori Reshmi Mukherjee Samar Safi-Harb Tea Temim |
| author_facet | Jooyun Woo Hongjun An Joseph D. Gelfand Charles J. Hailey Kaya Mori Reshmi Mukherjee Samar Safi-Harb Tea Temim |
| author_sort | Jooyun Woo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We studied the PeVatron nature of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) G75.2+0.1 (“Dragonfly”) as part of our NuSTAR observational campaign of energetic PWNe. The Dragonfly is spatially coincident with LHAASO J2018+3651, whose maximum photon energy is 0.27 PeV. We detected a compact (radius $1^{\prime} $ ) inner nebula of the Dragonfly without a spectral break in 3–20 keV using NuSTAR. A joint analysis of the inner nebula with archival Chandra and XMM-Newton (XMM) observations yields a power-law spectrum with Γ = 1.49 ± 0.03. Synchrotron burnoff is observed from the shrinkage of the NuSTAR nebula at higher energies, from which we infer the magnetic field in the inner nebula of 24 μ G at 3.5 kpc. Our analysis of archival XMM data and 13 yr of Fermi-LAT data confirms the detection of an extended ( $\sim 10^{\prime} $ ) outer nebula in 2–6 keV (Γ = 1.82 ± 0.03) and the nondetection of a GeV nebula, respectively. Using the VLA, XMM, and HAWC data, we modeled a multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of the Dragonfly as a leptonic PeVatron. The maximum injected particle energy of 1.4 PeV from our model suggests that the Dragonfly is likely a PeVatron. Our model prediction of the low magnetic field (2.7 μ G) in the outer nebula and recent interaction with the host supernova remnant’s reverse shock (4 kyr ago) align with common features of PeVatron PWNe. The origin of its highly asymmetric morphology, pulsar proper motion, PWN–supernova remnant (SNR) interaction, and source distance will require further investigations in the future, including a multiwavelength study using radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:50:55Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c5ac3040c5974a0ea91455b699330819 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:50:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5ac3040c5974a0ea91455b6993308192023-09-03T12:23:01ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-019541910.3847/1538-4357/acdd5eHard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly”Jooyun Woo0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6471-1405Hongjun An1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-9012Joseph D. Gelfand2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-1058Charles J. Hailey3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-145XKaya Mori4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-5389Reshmi Mukherjee5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-0754Samar Safi-Harb6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-7665Tea Temim7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7380-3144Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory , 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA ; jw3855@columbia.eduDepartment of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, 28644, Republic of KoreaNew York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesColumbia Astrophysics Laboratory , 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA ; jw3855@columbia.eduColumbia Astrophysics Laboratory , 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA ; jw3855@columbia.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College , 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, CanadaPrinceton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAWe studied the PeVatron nature of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) G75.2+0.1 (“Dragonfly”) as part of our NuSTAR observational campaign of energetic PWNe. The Dragonfly is spatially coincident with LHAASO J2018+3651, whose maximum photon energy is 0.27 PeV. We detected a compact (radius $1^{\prime} $ ) inner nebula of the Dragonfly without a spectral break in 3–20 keV using NuSTAR. A joint analysis of the inner nebula with archival Chandra and XMM-Newton (XMM) observations yields a power-law spectrum with Γ = 1.49 ± 0.03. Synchrotron burnoff is observed from the shrinkage of the NuSTAR nebula at higher energies, from which we infer the magnetic field in the inner nebula of 24 μ G at 3.5 kpc. Our analysis of archival XMM data and 13 yr of Fermi-LAT data confirms the detection of an extended ( $\sim 10^{\prime} $ ) outer nebula in 2–6 keV (Γ = 1.82 ± 0.03) and the nondetection of a GeV nebula, respectively. Using the VLA, XMM, and HAWC data, we modeled a multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of the Dragonfly as a leptonic PeVatron. The maximum injected particle energy of 1.4 PeV from our model suggests that the Dragonfly is likely a PeVatron. Our model prediction of the low magnetic field (2.7 μ G) in the outer nebula and recent interaction with the host supernova remnant’s reverse shock (4 kyr ago) align with common features of PeVatron PWNe. The origin of its highly asymmetric morphology, pulsar proper motion, PWN–supernova remnant (SNR) interaction, and source distance will require further investigations in the future, including a multiwavelength study using radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdd5ePulsar wind nebulaeHigh energy astrophysicsGamma-ray sourcesRotation powered pulsarsSpectral energy distributionX-ray sources |
| spellingShingle | Jooyun Woo Hongjun An Joseph D. Gelfand Charles J. Hailey Kaya Mori Reshmi Mukherjee Samar Safi-Harb Tea Temim Hard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly” The Astrophysical Journal Pulsar wind nebulae High energy astrophysics Gamma-ray sources Rotation powered pulsars Spectral energy distribution X-ray sources |
| title | Hard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly” |
| title_full | Hard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly” |
| title_fullStr | Hard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly” |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly” |
| title_short | Hard X-Ray Observation and Multiwavelength Study of the PeVatron Candidate Pulsar Wind Nebula “Dragonfly” |
| title_sort | hard x ray observation and multiwavelength study of the pevatron candidate pulsar wind nebula dragonfly |
| topic | Pulsar wind nebulae High energy astrophysics Gamma-ray sources Rotation powered pulsars Spectral energy distribution X-ray sources |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdd5e |
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