<i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth Conditions
This study aimed to map the differences between <i>Arthrospira</i> sp. and <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> strains and variants from the order Oscillatoriales at the gene and protein levels of C-phycocyanin alpha chain via multiple alignment, phylogenetic trees of species, and a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/663 |
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| author | Nawal Abd El-Baky Neama Mahmoud Fattouh Rezk Amro A. Amara |
| author_facet | Nawal Abd El-Baky Neama Mahmoud Fattouh Rezk Amro A. Amara |
| author_sort | Nawal Abd El-Baky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to map the differences between <i>Arthrospira</i> sp. and <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> strains and variants from the order Oscillatoriales at the gene and protein levels of C-phycocyanin alpha chain via multiple alignment, phylogenetic trees of species, and analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid composition of the studied sequences. The links between gene/protein and environmental features of the habitat or source of isolation were also investigated. Phycocyanin was extracted from three <i>A. platensis</i> strains: an Egyptian isolate cultivated in the laboratory under static conditions in a highly saline medium and two commercial products. The French commercial strain showed the highest extraction yield but the lowest C-phycocyanin purity, and the color intensity of the extracted pigment from the Egyptian isolate was significantly weaker than those of the two commercial strains. All the analyzed species and strains had GC content of more than 54.5% in C-phycocyanin alpha chain gene and showed high abundance of alanine, an amino acid encoded exclusively by GC-biased codons, in their protein. The frequencies of the acidic amino acids aspartic acid and glutamic acid were 5.2% and 5.0% on average, respectively, which were slightly higher than those of the basic residues (4.3% arginine, 0.6% histidine, and 5.0% lysine). Data relating to the isolation source of most of the analyzed species revealed harsh conditions, such as high alkalinity, salinity, CO<sub>2</sub> saturation, and/or temperature. These findings may link the gene/protein of C-phycocyanin, which is one of the most important bioactive proteins of <i>A. platensis</i>, to the adaptation of this organism to harsh environmental conditions and associate the color of the pigment to cultivation conditions and/or isolation source. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:20:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5b6d5efa29046fba5ce6db7096eb759 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:20:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5b6d5efa29046fba5ce6db7096eb7592023-11-17T11:58:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122023-03-0111366310.3390/jmse11030663<i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth ConditionsNawal Abd El-Baky0Neama Mahmoud Fattouh Rezk1Amro A. Amara2Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria P.O. Box 21934, EgyptProtein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria P.O. Box 21934, EgyptProtein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria P.O. Box 21934, EgyptThis study aimed to map the differences between <i>Arthrospira</i> sp. and <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> strains and variants from the order Oscillatoriales at the gene and protein levels of C-phycocyanin alpha chain via multiple alignment, phylogenetic trees of species, and analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid composition of the studied sequences. The links between gene/protein and environmental features of the habitat or source of isolation were also investigated. Phycocyanin was extracted from three <i>A. platensis</i> strains: an Egyptian isolate cultivated in the laboratory under static conditions in a highly saline medium and two commercial products. The French commercial strain showed the highest extraction yield but the lowest C-phycocyanin purity, and the color intensity of the extracted pigment from the Egyptian isolate was significantly weaker than those of the two commercial strains. All the analyzed species and strains had GC content of more than 54.5% in C-phycocyanin alpha chain gene and showed high abundance of alanine, an amino acid encoded exclusively by GC-biased codons, in their protein. The frequencies of the acidic amino acids aspartic acid and glutamic acid were 5.2% and 5.0% on average, respectively, which were slightly higher than those of the basic residues (4.3% arginine, 0.6% histidine, and 5.0% lysine). Data relating to the isolation source of most of the analyzed species revealed harsh conditions, such as high alkalinity, salinity, CO<sub>2</sub> saturation, and/or temperature. These findings may link the gene/protein of C-phycocyanin, which is one of the most important bioactive proteins of <i>A. platensis</i>, to the adaptation of this organism to harsh environmental conditions and associate the color of the pigment to cultivation conditions and/or isolation source.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/663<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>C-phycocyaninGC contentalignmentacidic and basic amino acidsstatic growth |
| spellingShingle | Nawal Abd El-Baky Neama Mahmoud Fattouh Rezk Amro A. Amara <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth Conditions Journal of Marine Science and Engineering <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> C-phycocyanin GC content alignment acidic and basic amino acids static growth |
| title | <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth Conditions |
| title_full | <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth Conditions |
| title_fullStr | <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth Conditions |
| title_short | <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> Variants: A Comparative Study Based on C-phycocyanin Gene and Protein, Habitat, and Growth Conditions |
| title_sort | i arthrospira platensis i variants a comparative study based on c phycocyanin gene and protein habitat and growth conditions |
| topic | <i>Arthrospira platensis</i> C-phycocyanin GC content alignment acidic and basic amino acids static growth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/11/3/663 |
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