| Summary: | Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an important oxidoreductase enzyme with many important roles in biological processes. It is considered an “ideal enzyme” and is often called an oxidase “Ferrari” because of its fast mechanism of action, high stability and specificity. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>β</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucose to <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucono-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-lactone and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of molecular oxygen. <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucono-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-lactone is sequentially hydrolyzed by lactonase to <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-gluconic acid, and the resulting hydrogen peroxide is hydrolyzed by catalase to oxygen and water. GOx is presently known to be produced only by fungi and insects. The current main industrial producers of glucose oxidase are <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium.</i> An important property of GOx is its antimicrobial effect against various pathogens and its use in many industrial and medical areas. The aim of this review is to summarize the structure, function, production strains and biophysical and biochemical properties of GOx in light of its various industrial, biotechnological and medical applications.
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