Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells.
Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, a disease where disturbances in the endocannabinoid system are seen. In the present study we have investigated whether treatment of DU145 human prostate cancer cells affects anandamide (AEA) catabolic pathways. Addit...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5599064?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819051669123497984 |
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| author | Jessica Karlsson Sandra Gouveia-Figueira Mireille Alhouayek Christopher J Fowler |
| author_facet | Jessica Karlsson Sandra Gouveia-Figueira Mireille Alhouayek Christopher J Fowler |
| author_sort | Jessica Karlsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, a disease where disturbances in the endocannabinoid system are seen. In the present study we have investigated whether treatment of DU145 human prostate cancer cells affects anandamide (AEA) catabolic pathways. Additionally, we have investigated whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) can regulate the uptake of AEA into cells. Levels of AEA synthetic and catabolic enzymes were determined by qPCR. AEA uptake and hydrolysis in DU145 and RAW264.7 macrophage cells were assayed using AEA labeled in the arachidonic and ethanolamine portions of the molecule, respectively. Levels of AEA, related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), prostaglandins (PG) and PG-ethanolamines (PG-EA) in DU145 cells and medium were quantitated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. TNFα treatment of DU145 cells increased mRNA levels of PTSG2 (gene of COX-2) and decreased the mRNA of the AEA synthetic enzyme N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine selective phospholipase D. mRNA levels of the AEA hydrolytic enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase were not changed. AEA uptake in both DU145 and RAW264.7 cells was inhibited by FAAH inhibition, but not by COX-2 inhibition, even in RAW264.7 cells where the expression of this enzyme had greatly been induced by lipopolysaccharide + interferon γ treatment. AEA and related NAEs were detected in DU145 cells, but PGs and PGE2-EA were only detected when the cells had been preincubated with 100 nM AEA. The data demonstrate that in DU145 cells, TNFα treatment changes the relative expression of the enzymes involved in the hydrolytic and oxygenation catabolic pathways for AEA. In RAW264.7 cells, COX-2, in contrast to FAAH, does not regulate the cellular accumulation of AEA. Further studies are necessary to determine the extent to which inflammatory mediators are involved in the abnormal endocannabinoid signalling system in prostate cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:07:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5cb4e2962994edf8ebc149124ac2c58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T12:07:37Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5cb4e2962994edf8ebc149124ac2c582022-12-21T19:04:40ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01129e018501110.1371/journal.pone.0185011Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells.Jessica KarlssonSandra Gouveia-FigueiraMireille AlhouayekChristopher J FowlerTumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, a disease where disturbances in the endocannabinoid system are seen. In the present study we have investigated whether treatment of DU145 human prostate cancer cells affects anandamide (AEA) catabolic pathways. Additionally, we have investigated whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) can regulate the uptake of AEA into cells. Levels of AEA synthetic and catabolic enzymes were determined by qPCR. AEA uptake and hydrolysis in DU145 and RAW264.7 macrophage cells were assayed using AEA labeled in the arachidonic and ethanolamine portions of the molecule, respectively. Levels of AEA, related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), prostaglandins (PG) and PG-ethanolamines (PG-EA) in DU145 cells and medium were quantitated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. TNFα treatment of DU145 cells increased mRNA levels of PTSG2 (gene of COX-2) and decreased the mRNA of the AEA synthetic enzyme N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine selective phospholipase D. mRNA levels of the AEA hydrolytic enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase were not changed. AEA uptake in both DU145 and RAW264.7 cells was inhibited by FAAH inhibition, but not by COX-2 inhibition, even in RAW264.7 cells where the expression of this enzyme had greatly been induced by lipopolysaccharide + interferon γ treatment. AEA and related NAEs were detected in DU145 cells, but PGs and PGE2-EA were only detected when the cells had been preincubated with 100 nM AEA. The data demonstrate that in DU145 cells, TNFα treatment changes the relative expression of the enzymes involved in the hydrolytic and oxygenation catabolic pathways for AEA. In RAW264.7 cells, COX-2, in contrast to FAAH, does not regulate the cellular accumulation of AEA. Further studies are necessary to determine the extent to which inflammatory mediators are involved in the abnormal endocannabinoid signalling system in prostate cancer.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5599064?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Jessica Karlsson Sandra Gouveia-Figueira Mireille Alhouayek Christopher J Fowler Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells. PLoS ONE |
| title | Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells. |
| title_full | Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells. |
| title_fullStr | Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells. |
| title_short | Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells. |
| title_sort | effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5599064?pdf=render |
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